Goblin Market - 2968 Words

For there is no friend like a sister. -Christina Rossetti Sisterhood has been bond that throughout the ages has changed from only family members, to females that feel a special bond with one another, to females sharing the same interest in religion or education. Christina Rossetti shared the sisterhood bond to her readers when she wrote her poem Goblin Market. The poem has even been centered on by the critics to be the theme of sisterhood and feminism. But the sisterhood in Goblin Market is not an exclusionary term; rather it implies several meanings in the same way that it potentially includes the experience of both sexes. In the beginning as readers we are faced with the exploits of two popular Biblical stories, that of†¦show more content†¦Instead, Goblin Market celebrates dynamism a sisterhood between polarities, and allows Laura and Lizzie to represent this interdependence in both narrative and metaphoric terms. Lizzies and Lauras reactions to the goblins almost imme diately indicate the differences in their personalities. At the goblins cry, Laura bowed her head to hear / Lizzie veiled her blushes, Lizzie thrust a dimple finger / In each ear, shut eyes and ran: / Curious Laura chose to linger. The reader later learns more about Lizzies prudence: she worries about the possibility of the girls losing their way, and urges that Laura to get home before the night grows dark unlike Laura she approaches the goblins. From the beginning of the play we can clearly see that Laura is the more daring of the two while Lizzie is more cautious. Yet, while there are marked differences between them, the girls are meant to be identified with on another. And though the sisters subsequent actions are quite different Rossetti pointedly uses the same phrase to describe Lauras and then Lizzies initial confused reaction to the goblins: both knew not was it night or day. There have been several critics that claim that the two girls represent two halves of one person ality, which then becomes divided after Lauras downfall and must be reintegrate. The girls personalities were already marked different prior to Lauras eating of the goblinShow MoreRelated goblin market Essay641 Words   |  3 PagesRossettis quot;Goblin Market.quot; Obvious themes might be quot;that one should be careful of temptation,quot; or quot;that little girls should not talk to strange men.quot; One might even go on to the end of the poem and decide the theme is quot;that sisters should love one another.quot; These are rather trite ideas, however, and while the poem definitely supports them (and they are easily defended with quotations from the text), a more careful look at quot;Goblin Marketquot; reveals thatRead MoreGoblin Market by Christina Rossetti1239 Words   |  5 Pagessee altered, in â€Å"Goblin Market†, this voice is evident. With the two sister, Laura and Lizzie, portrayed as innocent, pure and virginal, the goblins take on a more malicious character; p ortraying that of the male figures who tempt and corrupt. According to the Victorian definition, a gentleman never takes unfair advantage . . . or insinuates evil which he dare not say out, and possesses, among other qualities, the ability to avoid all suspicion and resentment (Landow 4). The goblins seem to contradictRead MoreEssay on Goblin Market1542 Words   |  7 PagesVictorian Themes in Imagination: Goblin Market in Relation to Romanticism There were two principle views concerning imagination, the Victorians and the Romantics, who didn’t accept each other’s ideas about imagination. But, despite their clashes on the status and views of imagination, the Romantics and Victorians share similar ideas through different angles of perspective, which we could assume are linked in part to their era. The long poem, named Goblin Market, written by Christina Rossetti showsRead MoreEssay on Christina Rossetti’s Goblin Market1087 Words   |  5 PagesChristina Rossetti’s poem, Goblin Market, was written in the Victorian era during a time of vast social change across Europe. Though the Victorian period was a time of female suppression and order, Rossetti exposed social stigmas and ideologies that are displayed through the journey of two sisters, Laura and Lizzie. Despite initial impressions of a childhood fairytale, the suggestive and multi-interpretive use of language signifies an underlying message of er otic sexual commentary and feminist viewsRead MoreThe Goblin Market By Christina Rossetti1030 Words   |  5 PagesIn the â€Å"Goblin Market† by Christina Rossetti, Laura and Lizzie’s behaviour is shaped by their interactions with the goblin men. Initially, Laura and Lizzie’s curiosity for society shapes the way they perceive their behaviour. Society drives Laura and Lizzie to interaction with other, in which they are able to form their behaviour. Both women establish their behaviour from the behaviour of the goblin men. Therefore, Laura and Lizzie establish their behaviour from the behaviour portrayed by the goblinRead MoreThe Goblin Market : Religion And Sensuality2431 Words   |  10 PagesGoblin Market: Religion Sensuality For the majority of Christina Rossetti’s life, religion and poetry were of utmost importance, and in that order. She often wrote children’s stories and religious anecdotes, most of which were well received and given praise. In 1862, she published what, unbeknownst to her, would prove to be her legacy; Rossetti issued a 567-line masterpiece she called â€Å"Goblin Market,† a story of temptation, redemption, sisterhood, and unconditional love, a story she claimedRead MoreEssay on Christina Rossettis Goblin Market1686 Words   |  7 PagesChristina Rossettis Goblin Market One of the strongest emotions inherent in us as humans is desire. The majority of the time, we are unable to control what we crave; however, with practice, we learn not all things we want are necessary. As a result of this mature understanding, we are able to ease our feelings and sometimes even suppress our desires. Something even more mature is understanding that when we give in to our desires, we become vulnerable. In a harsh, brutal world, vulnerabilityRead MoreHeroism In Christina Rossettis Goblin Market1543 Words   |  7 Pagesremained in the public consciousness years later for their complexities. Christina Rossetti’s 1862 Goblin Market has remained in the minds of readers and literary scholars for decades as it easily lends itself to an array of interpretations for its sexual imagery, and possible Marxists, feminist, and nativist readings, continuously enticing readers to form their own interpretations. Furthermore, Goblin Market is also noteworthy for the charac ter of Lizzie as she takes on an â€Å"assertive† yet â€Å"passive† roleRead MoreThe Goblin Market By Christina Rossetti1280 Words   |  6 Pagesa ruined woman presented by Christina Rossetti in â€Å"The Goblin Market,† and find the conflicting images of a prostitute in D. G. Rossetti’s â€Å"Jenny† and Thomas Hardy’s â€Å"The Ruined Maid.† Christina Rossetti’s â€Å"The Goblin Market† is a poem that explores through heavy metaphors a woman’s place and action in society, whether she is fallen or not. â€Å"The Goblin Market† focuses on two sisters, Laura and Lizzie, and their experience with the goblins that attempt to sell the girls their fruit. Laura, ratherRead MoreChristina Rossetti’s Goblin Market Essay887 Words   |  4 Pagesare several meanings and interpretations of Christina Rossetti’s, â€Å"Goblin Market†. â€Å"Goblin Market† is the story of two sisters, which one of them, Laura, is tempted to visit the new goblin market in town. Laura buys the fruit from the goblin men in exchange for a lock of her hair, despite the several warnings from her sister Lizzie not to consume the fruit. Laura gets sick and Lizzie saves her by going to the market. After the goblins taunt, tease and torment her with the tempting fruit, the fruit’s

Marxisms Tools for Contemporary International Relations...

After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War between the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc, the enduring ideological conflict between communism and capitalism was seen to come to an end. The global order has since entered into a neo-liberal capitalist era, with neo-liberal ideologies characterizing the various dimensions of the global order, such as international politics and economics. As the world is homogenizing into neo-liberal capitalist orders, the rich substances of the Marxist school on international relations seem rather distanced. However, this essay will argue the contrary. It seeks to justify that, instead of being irrelevant under the contemporary international relations, Marxism offer vital tools to contest†¦show more content†¦Capitalism and neo-liberal ideologies have been adopted by the world as the natural orders, and relevant policies are taken as the common sense policies to be adopted for nations to prosper (Hobden Jones, 2011). This c an be represented by the policy union of nations around the world, particularly, developing countries. Many developing countries, more often than not, pursue neo-liberal policies, namely trade liberalization and reductions in state expenditure in the attempt to attain economic growth and sustain prosperity. In the private sector, entrepreneurism, risk-taking, and profit maximization are seen to be the drivers for sustaining prosperity and growth. Individual prosperity and happiness are seen as being intimately tied to monetary gain and materialism. This union of ideologies, be them at the national, economical, or individual level, do not take place in isolated regions. Rather, they are widely adopted, and its spread is accelerating under globalization. In the contemporary globalizing world economy that is converging on capitalist principles, various issues arise in the realm of international relations. One of them is capitalist imperialism. Given the power of capitalists enhanced by technological advances, mobility, and easing of regulations, they are able to extend their power to almost every corner of the world. Often time, their activities are linked to exploitations of the labour, resources, economic and politicalShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesand Adam McKeown 9 †¢ 2 Twentieth-Century Urbanization: In Search of an Urban Paradigm for an Urban World †¢ Howard Spodek 53 3 Women in the Twentieth-Century World Bonnie G. Smith 83 4 The Gendering of Human Rights in the International Systems of Law in the Twentieth Century †¢ Jean H. Quataert 116 5 The Impact of the Two World Wars in a Century of Violence †¢ John H. Morrow Jr. 161 6 Locating the United States in Twentieth-Century World History †¢ Carl J. Guarneri

Pro Forma Sessions in Congress

In the daily agendas of the House of Representatives and Senate, you will often see that House or Senate leaders have scheduled a â€Å"pro forma† session for the day. What is a pro forma session, what is its purpose, and why do they sometimes stir up political firestorms? Key Takeaways: Pro Forma Sessions Pro forma sessions are meetings of the U.S. Congress held â€Å"in form only.† Either house of Congress can hold pro forma sessions.During pro forma sessions, no votes are taken and no other legislative business is conducted.Pro forma sessions are held for the purpose of meeting the â€Å"three-day rule† in Article I, Section 5 of the U.S. Constitution. The three day rule prohibits either chamber of Congress from not meeting for more than three consecutive calendar days during a congressional session without the approval of the other chamber. The term pro forma is a Latin term meaning â€Å"as a matter of form† or â€Å"for the sake of form.† While either chamber of Congress can hold them, pro forma sessions are most often held in the Senate. Typically, no legislative business, such as the introduction or debate on bills or resolutions, is conducted during a pro forma session. As a result, pro forma sessions rarely last more than a few minutes from gavel-to-gavel. There are no constitutional restrictions on how long pro forma sessions must last or what business may be conducted in them. While any Senator or Representative present can open and preside over a pro forma session, the attendance of other members is not required. Indeed, most pro forma sessions are conducted before nearly empty chambers of Congress.   A Senator or Representative from one of the nearby states of Virginia, Maryland or Delaware is usually chosen to preside over pro forma sessions since members from other states have usually left Washington, D.C. for vacations or meeting with constituents in their home districts or states. The Official Purpose of Pro Forma Sessions The officially stated purpose for pro forma sessions is to comply with Article I, Section 5 of the Constitution, which prohibits either chamber of Congress from adjourning for more than three consecutive calendar days without the consent of the other chamber. Scheduled long-term breaks provided for in the annual legislative calendars for  sessions of Congress, such as the summer breaks and district work periods are typically provided for by the passage in both chambers of a joint resolution declaring the adjournment. However, the numerous unofficial reason for holding pro forma sessions of Congress often results in controversy and politically hurt feelings. The More Controversial Purpose of Pro Forma Sessions While doing so never fails to raise controversy, the minority party in the Senate often holds pro forma sessions specifically to prevent the President of the United States from making â€Å"recess appointments† of persons to fill vacancies in federal offices that require the approval of the Senate. The president is allowed under Article II, Section 2  of the Constitution to make recess appointments during recesses or adjournments of Congress. Persons appointed by recess appointments assume their position without the approval of the Senate but must be confirmed by the Senate before the end of the next session of Congress, or when the position again becomes vacant. As long as the Senate meets in pro forma sessions, Congress never officially adjourns, thus blocking the president from making recess appointments. However, in 2012, President Barak Obama made four recess appointments during Congress’ winter break, despite a run of daily pro forma sessions called by Senate Republicans. Obama argued at the time that pro forma sessions do not block the president’s â€Å"constitutional authority† to make appointments. Despite being challenged by Republicans, Obama’s recess appointees were eventually confirmed by the Democrat-controlled Senate.

Environmental Education At The School - 844 Words

While at the school, I got to try my hand at a variety of different things. Every day was different. In a classroom, you never know what is going to happen and everyday something different is taught. I would go to the school Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays each week from 12:00pm until 3:00pm. On Mondays, I would go to two Kindergarten classrooms, Mrs. Markons and Mrs. Rolfes. In both classes, I helped with environmental education. Somedays there was an Environmental Educator that would lead the class interactions and on other days it was up to the teacher and I to lead the class interactions. Most days, if the weather was accommodating, the class would go out to the school forest to learn. Usually we would start with a book inside and then outside we would relate the book to what we saw. We did a variety of different things from making animal houses, identifying trees, using nature to spell and do math, making bunny restaurants, and using our senses to describe what we experienced. I typically, would be assigned a group of about seven students. The students and I would go off into our own area of the woods and do the activity for the day. It was my job to ask the students questions along with answering whatever questions they may have. On Wednesdays, I would go to Mrs. Tamburro’s art class with first graders and Mrs. Lampela’s class of second graders. The rest of the time I would help in the greenhouse keeping it maintained or assist the teachers with whatever they needed.Show MoreRelatedEnvironmental Education Is Not Always Implemented Within Schools1306 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental education is not always implemented within schools because classrooms are the main space in which students learn and teachers are expected to teach. However, by implementing activities that surround around current events in the environment and by connecting students to nature, this can have positive effects in which it influences the individuals sense of self and their community (Mcinerney, Smyth, Down, 2011). Research found that children who play in a natural environment to developRead Moreâ€Å"Developing Environmental Education in the Primary and Secondary Schools Curricular in Kenya: a Proposed Strategy for K enya Institute of Education.† by Otieno-Odundo Kenya Organization for Environmental Education (Koee)4063 Words   |  17 PagesABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS AFEW African Fund for Endangered Wildlife EE Environmental Education UN United Nations KIE Kenya Institute of Education KWS Kenya Wildlife Services WCK Wildlife Clubs of Kenya KOEE Kenya Organization for Environmental Education FEE Federation for Environmental Education NGO Non Governmental Education Table of contents Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Abbreviation/AcronymsRead MoreHistory Of Environmental Education As Infused Through Science Education1135 Words   |  5 Pages2.5 HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AS INFUSED IN SCIENCE EDUCATION According to NCF 2005†The present status of Environmental Education (EE) in schools had its genesis in the National Policy of Education (NPE) 1986 (modified in 1992), in which Protection of the Environment is stated as a common core around which a National Curriculum Framework (NCF) would be woven. The National Policy on Education 1986 emphasized the need to create awareness of environmental concerns by integrating it in theRead MoreAll Education Starts At Home. The Ways In Which We Are1371 Words   |  6 PagesAll education starts at home. The ways in which we are raised affects how we care for ourselves and the people and things around us. From the time we are born, a proper and mature education at home is instrumental to how we progress as individuals. However, academia plays a large role in the shaping of this progress. David Orr’s belief is that with the growth of knowledge, the growth of ignorance increases. However, it can be argued that the growth of knowledge has the power to minimize ignoranceRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Education On The Environment1224 Words   |  5 Pagesendangered indicator species: the child in nature† (Louv, 2008). Environmental education is a multidisciplinary field of study and processes that everyone is able to â€Å"explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve the environment† (â€Å"What is Environmental Education?† n.d). Education is vital to the awareness, understanding, attitudes and participation of the environment. People in the environmental education field all have a unifying purpose of engaging people and teachingRead MorePublic Environmental Awareness and Education1615 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Environmental Awareness and Education Action can be taken in a variety of areas to increase environmental awareness and education. Some of these categories are: environmental legal rights and responsibilities and associated consequences, use of the media, awareness raising campaigns, incorporation of environmental issues in mainstream education, increasing awareness and education in target groups and encouragement of public participation in environmental matters. As the following case studiesRead MoreWorld Commission On Environment And Development Essay1724 Words   |  7 Pageswe want 2.5 HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AS INFUSED IN SCIENCE EDUCATION According to NCF 2005†The present status of Environmental Education (EE) in schools had its genesis in the National Policy of Education (NPE) 1986 (modified in 1992), in which Protection of the Environment is stated as a common core around which a National Curriculum Framework (NCF) would be woven. The National Policy on Education 1986 emphasized the need to create awareness of environmental concerns by integratingRead MoreA Student At Hampton University1190 Words   |  5 PagesI did not fully realize the impact it would have on me, but looking back, it is clear to me that those experiences have shaped who I’ve grown into today, and strongly influence to my desire to pursue a career in environmental science education. My first class in Marine and Environmental Science department at Hampton University turned out be different than I expected. Instead of a large lecture hall full of students, I entered a small classroom with approximately 15 students. It was a pleasant surpriseRead MoreThe Current Educational Curriculum Faces1425 Words   |  6 Pagesare various kinds of pressures that the current educational curriculum faces. Such pressures include ensuring the rights of children are protected, ensuring that cultural diversity in learning institutions is not a barrier to learning, making the education system provide learners with essential skills that can enable them participate and compete effectively in the globalized world, ensuring that children from economically challenged backgrounds obtain information similar to their counterparts thatRead MoreTitle: Enhancing Education For Sustainable Development1034 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Enhancing education for sustainable development during adolesc ence Studies show that people experience a dip in interest and concern about environmental problems during their adolescent years (age 13-17). However, there is a lack of information on whether this dip applies to the other two dimensions of Sustainable Development (SD) i.e. social and economic, as well. This study examined changes in the broader concept of Sustainability Consciousness (SC) throughout adolescence. SC is defined

The Case Against Perfection Ethics And The Problems That...

Adrian Calvache May 4, 2015 POL 270 Term Paper The birth of a child is supposed to be a time of joy, the uncertainty of life leads to this one point in time. Will she or he be the next president, a star athlete, a genius or just fall into the crowd as another citizen. With recent advancements in science, this uncertainty has become a thing of the past. The human being is now seen as a commodity and no more is valued in the uncertainty of individuality. The parent can now choose how they want their child to come out or develop into. Sandel’s book The Case Against Perfection: Ethics in the Case of Modern Eugenics is a well researched look into examples of modern eugenics and the problems that arise from it. These topics range from the ethics of cloning, athletes using performance enhancing drugs, and other practical uses in everyday life. Sandel’s argument is that there is value in human nature (even with all its flaws), and genetic engineering will forever change human nature. Destroying the very essence o f what it is to be human and scarring humanity. The main features of human nature that will be altered: are responsibility, humility and solidarity. No more are the days of an parent in the waiting room, waiting to hear if there child is born with a disability, for a hefty fee the baby can be genetically altered to come out perfect in a sense. The wealthy can pick almost everything down to the hair and eye color, the time of uncertainty is over for those who are wealthy.Show MoreRelatedThe Morality Of Genetic Enhancement884 Words   |  4 PagesEnhancement The morality of genetic enhancement (GE) differs from person to person. The stance Michael J. Sandel’s takes is that eugenics and GE has no morality. He states in his work, â€Å"The case against Perfection†, that manipulating ones genes makes one less human; since, humans are not perfect which is what makes one human and by designing a perfect person one is taking away their humanity. He thinks eugenics are morally problematic in the cases of abortion; in which the mother would be free to determineRead MoreThe International System And Contemporary International Law Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesand Aquinas, against the establishment of a universal state. Delsol’s discusses how the â€Å"murderous character of the twentieth century emerged† from conflict between morality and faith in order to explain how the idea of a world government emerged. After the Cold War, it was evident that people had been obedient to authority instead of morality. Delsol argues that this led to a â€Å"contemporary resolve to establish institutions of international justice† in order â€Å"to make ethics or moralityRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Life1643 Words   |  7 PagesStarting from the late twentieth century, technology, as a productive method to change our life style, is significantly integrating into our daily life. However, at the very beginning, technology is just as an advanced and unavailable existing stay at scientific laboratory, which is far from the public’s daily life. The unpredicted but expected truth is that it develops much faster in recent decades and getting much popular in our routines. We u se smart phones to contact each other; all kinds ofRead MoreThe Importance Of A Being Without Faults Essay2233 Words   |  9 PagesIntro: Perfection. The idea of a being without faults has always been a goal for humanity, and for the longest time, the goal has seemed like nothing more than an unattainable dream. However, with the recent advances in technology and engineering, the dream may be closer than we think. Genetic engineering has become a powerful advancement in today’s technology-based world. Today’s scientists and engineers have begun work on methods to manipulate the DNA of a person in order to, in a way, â€Å"customize†Read MoreEssay on The Canadian Mosaic Vs. The U.S. Melting Pot1707 Words   |  7 Pages Canada is internationally recognized as a culturally diverse nation that emphasizes the concept of â€Å"The Mosaic†. No other country in the world encompasses inhabitants from so many different backgrounds who exhibit strong loyalty towards Canada, while still preserving their cultural heritage. This is contrasted to the American ideal of the quot;Melting Potquot;, which a ttempts to shape all of their citizens into a set mold. Canada’s philosophy is believed to be more effective and respectful thanRead MoreThe Canadian Mosaic vs. the U.S. Melting Pot1710 Words   |  7 PagesCanada is internationally recognized as a culturally diverse nation that emphasizes the concept of The Mosaic. No other country in the world encompasses inhabitants from so many different backgrounds who exhibit strong loyalty towards Canada, while still preserving their cultural heritage. This is contrasted to the American ideal of the Melting Pot, which attempts to shape all of their citizens into a set mold. Canadas philosophy is believed to be more effective and respectful than that whichRead MoreThe Risks Healthcare Providers Experience And The Impact Cloud Computing1418 Words   |  6 Pagestechnologies. Focusing on overall risk management, the study takes a holistic approach, where the research focuses both on human and organizational aspects. Using interview s as a form of data collection, the authors categorize risks and assesses impact from 2 perspectives; supply (S) and information systems (IS) as shown in the table 1 below. Table 1 Risk Risk Type Impact Failure of IT infrastructure or some parts: IS Disrupts flow of information and general workflow. Hacking or Trojan viruses:Read More Kant and Moral Values Essay4760 Words   |  20 Pagesgoodness makes the person as such good; 7. All three different modes of participation in moral values are linked to the absolute, most ‘necessary’ and highest good for the person; 8. Moral Values are goods in the unrestricted sense by being pure perfections in the sense that neither in this world nor outside it can we find anything that could be called good unqualifiedly except moral goodness which is absolutely better to possess than not to possess. 9. Moral Values are unconditionally good becauseRead MoreEssay about A Life of Celibacy; Buddhism and Sex1910 Words   |  8 Pagescritique, especially within the realms of Catholicism. But what are the origins of this tradition? this essay will present various sources of information on the subject from various traditions, with an emphasis on celibacy within buddhism. Celibacy is an age-old, multi-religious practice to which both men and women, abstain from sexual relations as because of religious vows . But most monastic celibacy implies a devaluing, and hostile attitude towards the world, life, the body, sex, and the oppositeRead MoreEthical Issues Faced By Brazil And Japan1809 Words   |  8 Pagesmembers of associations such as the International Franchise Association or the British Franchise Association which both have a code of ethics in place. (Ethical Franchising, 2013). It is made up of codes to ensure franchises that they are working with respectable sources. When code of ethics are developed by franchises, they cannot cover every situation that will arise, but are in place to be a baseline for resolving issues when they come up (Ethical Franchising, 2013). There are several compliance

Employees as Customers Exploring Service Climate

Question: Discuss about a Report on Employees as customers for Exploring service climate, employee patronage, and turnover ? Answer: Learning Log 1 As referred to in the first learning session that highlights on the concept of managing the individual and the team, it is my personal opinion that the session has been quite effective in attaining its objective of reaching out to the students like us and make us understand thoroughly about the importance of managerial skills or more specifically people management skills. This skill is increasingly needed by organizational managers to deal with all the members in the most appropriate manner and develop teams that are supportive and coordinated to a great extent. Some of the key emphases of the session were the existence of the external environmental factors that influence on the building up of management skills, the differences between the approaches such as coaching and mentoring to be used for developing management skills, understanding the systematic approaches to recruit, select and retain staff, and various other functionalities of organizational management (Diekman, 2007). The session imparted me the significant learning about the need to practice high-performing organizational cultures, the significant ways to achieve desired performance from the teams along with removal of generic barriers to effective employee engagement, and also about specific approaches to enhance the performance and commitment of employees in the organization. The learning session provided me with the experience of developing some essential managerial attribute requisites to understand professional practice, the ability to question principles, boundaries and practices. It enables me to think independently, creatively and analytically and also engaging in an imaginative manner into the innovative areas of investigation (Abston and Kupritz, 2011). The session was truly beneficial as it imparted me with the basic knowledge of what management is all about. Previously I had imagined management to be just a field that ensures arrangement of organizational resources to lead to the final p roductivity and profit. Now I know that my knowledge was incomplete. Management is much more than that. It is about human beings and the focus upon making people capable of performing in a combined manner to make their strengths effective and their weaknesses irrelevant. This is the reason the concept of management is quite critical and that everyone may not get the depth of it. The knowledge that I have gathered from the session would help me through my entire life to build some of the most essential managerial skills within myself that would enable me to grow up to a person that I have always objected to as an organizational manager (Abston and Kupritz, 2011). This would not only make me effective as a professional individual but also as a human being. I would acquire the most effective skills of being a peoples manager and develop supportive and effective teams within my organization to lead in the competitive environment. Learning Log 2 This learning section is another beneficial session that imparted a lot of good knowledge and information. This session of the course enabled to understand the real feel of being a manager. It is based on the principle that many learners aim at succeeding. They are generally capable of succeeding but simply lack the belief that they can do so. The session taught me about the true essence of being a manager, their roles in the business environment, the distinctions between managers and leaders, etc (Gamble, Lincoln and Adamson, 2007). The information is highly essential before getting into this field of management. Previously I had only little knowledge about the roles and responsibilities of a manager. Now, that this session has provided me with a big picture that a manager is responsible for fulfilling the particular purposes and mission of the organization he belongs to; he makes work even more productive and helps other members to achieve their goals; he also manages social impact s as well as social responsibilities. It emphasized on the Druckers Five operations for Managers, that it sets objectives to describe what needs to be done and executed; organizes and analyses the activities and creates organizational culture as well as selection of staffs; he motivates as well as communicates with the entire team and describe them their personal responsibilities; measures the performances delivered by the staff based on their goals; and dedicates increasingly to develop people into effective employees (Goksoy and Alayoglu, 2013). The learning session mean a valuable source of information for me as I learnt the interpersonal roles of managers as highlighted by Mintzberg. A manager has figurehead role, leader role, and liaison role. I became more aware with the concept of management that it is a social process that entails responsibility for the effective as well as economical planning and regulation of the enterprise operations with respect to the objectives of task s. This responsibility involves making decisions in determining plans as in using data to control performance as well as progress against plans (Shipper and Davy, 2002). It may be reflected that this learning session guided me through my goal of understanding the concept in a better way. Another significant focus of the session is the management philosophies that include mutual trust and respect, involvement and availability, positive action on an individual basis, culture of management, staff and customer satisfaction, recognition and credit, fair and equitable treatment, and lastly emphasis on results (Hailesilasie, 2009). It even imparted me with the knowledge about the Management Standards Centre that was responsible to draw up the National Occupational Standards for managers in the year 2004. The standards state the level of performance as expected in employment for managers. I learnt that the MSC aimed at helping development of skilled managerial workforce through a national r ecognized scheme of standards for managers approved by education providers as well as employers (Smith, 2005). Learning Log 3 The third learning session is all about managing teams by a manager. Teams play significant role in organizational deliverance. The session has been extremely useful and resourceful as it imparted with the learning. It highlights the distinctions between teams and groups along with the techniques for team development. The session provided me with the increased knowledge about managing multinational teams and also managing diverse groups within the organization. This session explained me about the factors that typically inhibit the designing, development as well as delivery of employee management skills (Houger, 2006). It also made me understand the business or legal or ethical rationale for a systematic approach towards employee management approaches. While through with the session learning, I learnt that teams would usually comprise of individuals with similar interests and complementary skills. I have learnt that teams must work together for achieving goals (Wickramasinghe and Dabe re, 2012). It emphasized that teams cannot complete the task without there being effective team members. This is also reflective that teams tend to respond towards challenges that are set by the organizational management, where management sets the goals. These have increased control over how they meet the objectives (Hutchinson and Purcell, 2010). The learning session has imparted with the knowledge that teams are considered to be basic performance units that most organizations possess to accomplish objectives. This is helpful for my personal knowledge as it would enable me to act exactly the manner I am supposed to within organizational context. The prior knowledge would ensure that I inculcate all the requite attributes of a team player before I expose myself to the professional front. The session enabled me to identify that as a team member my role would be to enhance self-awareness as well as personal effectiveness (ngel Caldern Molina et al., 2014). I may foster mutual trust as well as understanding amidst members. I would also successfully improve my strategy of selecting teams and building concrete teams. I am well aware that each of the team members would possess some weakness or drawbacks which are inevitable; but this would not mean that the team would become ineffective (Ippolito, n.d.). It is important that the strengths are utilized in the most effective manner to reap its fruits. The session provided me with the knowledge about the virtual teams and how these operate to achieve objectives of effective performance. There are factors that are influential in the level of performances. It is beneficial to go through the session as it imparted me with the knowledge of teams and what are they like. Teams play major roles in framing the organizational functionalities and how there would contribute in organizational performances (Jeon, Younghwa, 2010). The session imparted me the significant learning about the need to practice high-performing organizatio nal cultures, the significant ways to achieve desired performance from the teams along with removal of generic barriers to effective employee engagement, and also about specific approaches to enhance the performance and commitment of employees in the organization (Lauer, 2003). The learning session provided me with the experience of developing some essential managerial attribute requisites to understand professional practice, the ability to question principles, boundaries and practices. It enables me to think independently, creatively and analytically and also engaging in an imaginative manner into the innovative areas of investigation. Learning Log 4 This learning session highlights upon the concept of delegation and managing of own manager and that too of self-managing capabilities. It emphasizes on aspects like delegation concept, effective delegation, managers expectations, strategies of managers to manage awkward people and also managing self at the same time. It gives a first-hand experience of what delegation looks like and how it must be conducted (Leigh, 2014). It benefits me as I get to learn a lot about the process of delegating responsibilities and how can it be achieved effectively. It is important to realize that a manager needs to remain accountable for the actions of the employees, the staffs must know what they are expected to perform; they must be capable of delivering performances effectively along with adequate knowledge about related risks and how to counteract those. The session is helpful as I understood the various expectations that the managers hold of their members and these may be achieved in the long ru n. I found the session very interesting since I even got to know about the various issues that organizational managers face in their course of employment (Ming Chow and Kleiner, 2002). This would guide me to improvise on my perspective and attitude and act accordingly while communicating with them. It imparted me with the learning about the ways to improve the dealings with all aggressive managers or supervisors. It taught me to inculcate the positive and assertive behaviors and attitude. . The learning session has imparted with the knowledge that teams are considered to be basic performance units that most organizations possess to accomplish objectives. This is helpful for my personal knowledge as it would enable me to act exactly the manner I am supposed to within organizational context. The prior knowledge would ensure that I inculcate all the requite attributes of a team player before I expose myself to the professional front (Passarelli, 2010). The session enabled me to identif y that as a team member my role would be to enhance self-awareness as well as personal effectiveness. The knowledge that I have gathered from the session would help me through my entire life to build some of the most essential managerial skills within myself that would enable me to grow up to a person that I have always objected to as an organizational manager. This would not only make me effective as a professional individual but also as a human being. The session was truly beneficial as it imparted me with the basic knowledge of what management is all about (Rudman and Phelan, 2007). Previously I had imagined management to be just a field that ensures arrangement of organizational resources to lead to the final productivity and profit. Now I know that my knowledge was incomplete. References Abston, K. and Kupritz, V. (2011). Employees as customers: Exploring service climate, employee patronage, and turnover.Perf. Improvement Qrtly, 23(4), pp.7-26. ngel Caldern Molina, M., Manuel Hurtado Gonzlez, J., Palacios Florencio, B. and Luis Galn Gonzlez, J. (2014). Does the balanced scorecard adoption enhance the levels of organizational climate, employees commitment, job satisfaction and job dedication?.Management Decision, 52(5), pp.983-1010. Cunningham, G., Bergman, M. and Miner, K. (2014). Interpersonal Mistreatment of Women in the Workplace.Sex Roles, 71(1-2), pp.1-6. Diekman, A. (2007). Negotiating the Double Bind: Interpersonal and Instrumental Evaluations of Dominance.Sex Roles, 56(9-10), pp.551-561. Gamble, J., Lincoln, M. and Adamson, B. (2007). A case study of occupational therapy managers in NSW: Roles, responsibilities and work satisfaction.Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 56(2), pp.122-131. Goksoy, A. and Alayoglu, N. (2013). The Impact of Perception of Performance Appraisal and Distributive Justice Fairness on Employees' Ethical Decision Making in Paternalist Organizational Culture.Perf. Improvement Qrtly, 26(1), pp.57-79. Hailesilasie, G. (2009). Determinants of public employees' performance: evidence from Ethiopian public organizations.Int J Productivity Perf Mgmt, 58(3), pp.238-253. Houger, V. (2006). Trends of employee performance. Collaborative effort between managers and employees.Perf. Improv., 45(5), pp.26-31. Hutchinson, S. and Purcell, J. (2010). Managing ward managers for roles in HRM in the NHS: overworked and under-resourced.Human Resource Management Journal, 20(4), pp.357-374. Ippolito, F. (n.d.). Takeover Defenses, Firm-Specific Skills and Managerial Entrenchment.SSRN Journal. Jeon, Younghwa, (2010). Research Of Employees Organizational Commitment And Vocational Ethical Behavior.Journal of Ethics, 1(79), pp.53-78. Lauer, M. (2003). Tools of the trade: Motivating employees.Perf. Improv., 42(5), pp.38-40. Leigh, D. (2014). The Relationships Among Generativity, Values, Individual Differences, and Commitment to an Ideal Vision.Perf Improvement Qrtly, 27(2), pp.7-34. Ming Chow, C. and Kleiner, B. (2002). How to differentiate essential job duties from marginal job duties.Managerial Law, 44(1/2), pp.121-127. Passarelli, G. (2010). Employees skills and Organisational Commitment.International Business Research, 4(1). Rudman, L. and Phelan, J. (2007). The Interpersonal Power of Feminism: Is Feminism Good for Romantic Relationships?.Sex Roles, 57(11-12), pp.787-799. Shipper, F. and Davy, J. (2002). A model and investigation of managerial skills, employees' attitudes, and managerial performance.The Leadership Quarterly, 13(2), pp.95-120. Smith, G. (2005). Communication skills are critical for internal auditors.Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(5), pp.513-519. Wickramasinghe, V. and Dabere, S. (2012). Effects of performance-based financial incentives on work performance: A study of technical-level employees in the private sector in Sri Lanka.Perf. Improvement Qrtly, 25(3), pp.37-51.

Investigation on Current Health Management Issue - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theInvestigative Report on a Current Health Management Issue. Answer: Introduction A countrys health is more than its wealth. The government of all the countries strives to achieve healthy people in 2020 AD. Though the science and technology has met a wide range of improvements, no country has achieved a target of absence of disease and attained an optimal health. The countries often frame health management networks to disperse health to all the people irrespective of race, creed or caste and increasing its accessibility and availability to all levels of people from urban to remote areas (Park, 2013). A health system should involve the activities that aid in the promotion, restoration and maintenance of health (WHO, 2013). The health system configuration differs from one country to another while few mechanisms are same to deliver quality care (WHO, 2013). The health care system of Australia is a web that comprises of both government and private health providers. There are many health management networks in Australia as Primary Health Networks (PHNs), Local Health D istricts (LHDs), etc. This report deals about the differences between PHNs and LHDs based on their roles, accountability, budgets and other relevant items and common issues faced and recommendations to overcome these issues. In April 2013, the Health Ministers has announced that our country strive to provide primary health care which involves offering health care equally to all the levels of people by maintaining health, preventing illness, decreasing the hospital service needs and improving chronic disease management. The Australian government has established Medicare Locals (MLs) in 2011 to strengthen the primary health care and to improve the planning of health for all the population but a review of Medicare Locals was done by Prof. John Horvath (former Commonwealth Chief Medical Officer), in which he criticized its effect in 2014. Therefore it was replaced by Primary Health Networks from July1, 2015 by the health department. PHNs were established to improve the accessibility to basic frontline health services to all the local area people and to prevent fragmented care (Ley, 2015). Local Health Networks (LHNs) are state related networks that are partially funded by the state government under theagreem ent of National health reform in 2011.The government of South Australia reported that LHN provides the public hospital services and other community related health services and they will determine the conduct of government hospitals and other health institutions. The role of PHNs are to work in 6 health priority areas as mental health, overall health of population, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, improving health workforce, developing e-health and elderly care (Ley, 2015). PHNs can transition needed health care to the control of Aboriginal community which was given by Couzos in 2016. PHNs are also accountable for 9 areas of maintaining priority in health of the nation as arthritis, other musculoskeletal disorders, bronchial asthma, control of cancer, heart health, chronic disease (diabetes), dementia (elderly), prevention of injury and its control, psychological (mental health) and over weight (obesity) while LHDs provides general hospital service, public health services and also focuses on services for young children and pediatrics, as well asjusticeand forensic related mental health service. The main role of PHN are to provide the health services for patients efficiently and effectively, specifically for people with low excepted health outcomes and also to provide coordinated care to patients at right time in a right place with right care which was given by health.gov in 2016. The role of LHN is to provide the needed care and prompt treatment to persons who are sick and injured and to protect, promote and maintain the health of the community. To generalize, the PHNs offer primary care whereas LHNs offer hospitalized care. The PHNs always goes along with LHNs to maintain a good integration of primary, secondary and even community centers and acute care services. The PHNs involves a great number of stakeholders such as general practitioners, para- health care professionals, medical pharmacies, non government organizations, PHC services funded by the state government and the people of community at the structures in local level to identify and respond to the prioritized needs of the local people and plan effective strategies (Javanparast, 2015). Though LHNs give direct care by involving health care professionals, it does not involve nongovernmental organizations and local people to identify their needs. PHNs work along with LHDs and develop pathways for providing care and evaluate the quality of services provided thereby to decrease the number of admissions in hospitals (Cook, 2015). The PHNs modifies the delivery system of primary care and also coordinates with local hospitals. The PHN community advisory committees assess the functions of PHNs and gets feedback from all the patients and local community people, which were unique to their area.Moreover they are controlled by the clinical councils led by general practitioner who receives the local related issues in clinical and consumer care while the LHNs are managed and controlled by the chief executive of the district. It is also administered by the local health district boards with 6 to 13 persons appointed by the Minister of Health as given by austlii.edu under local health districts in 2016. PHNs and LHNs should develop a great inter relationships in work and also with the government and private hospitals to avoid the duplication of work and used resources. PHNs and LHNs should develop health planning for the entire population. The PHNs are expected to promote the health outcomes and decrease the pressure in the hospital and LHNs to provide care to the sick patients. PHNs are wellness focused and prevents the need for hospital services rather than sickness focused like LHNs. The funding for PHNs is based on factors such as population involved, extent of rural area coverage and socio economic factors. The government has allotted $852 million for 3 years period 2015- 2016 that includes both operational and flexible funding. PHNs also receive innovation and incentive funding. The primary health care activities (after hours work and indigenous health) receive an additional programmed funding. They get flexible funding additionally for mental health as well as for drug and alcohol treatment services. Even in case of specific programs they receive extra funding. Moreover it involves subcontracting in which the core functions as the assessment of need, data collection and data analysis are outsourced except for few core functions as for government structures, management of relationship with stakeholder and support from general practice which was given in Grant Programme Guidelines (2016) by the health department of Australian Government. For LHNs, the new funding model was implemented that involves the shift from need based to activity related funding and is also based on specific activities as clinical related activities which reduce its activities related to population health and prevention of illness and only importance to hospital care which was given in a study conducted by Javanparast in 2015. It is funded mainly by the state government and Commonwealth of Australia but not outsourced. The drawback is that there is limited number of PHNs and it has to be increased. Its better to increase the number of health care professionals to enable to improve the services. As it involves many stakeholders including private agencies, relationship is very important and it has to be maintained to achieve the goal. Any discrepancies in thought will affect the PHNs activities adversely. The advantage of PHNs are more as they focus on the assessment of needs of the people which helps to prioritize the peoples need and give primary care accordingly. It increases the investment in frontline services. They basically purchases services by outsourcing except in few areas rather than providing care (Cook, 2015). It is based on the community advisory committees which involve community people in planning the care. In 2016, Booth has conducted a study which states that the strengths of the PHNs is that their ability to give care to both individual and population. The main drawback in LHN is that it only cares the sick people by providing hospital services but does not take step to prevent the disease. It is costly as it involves giving care with equipments and various health care professionals. It doesnt assess the need of the people. The funding is not outsourced and so no adequate funding for preventive care. Though the PHNs and LHNs have a separate leadership, there should be effective collaboration strategies. A study was conducted by Javanparast in 2015 which suggest that the barriers of collaboration such as continuous changes in policy, restructuring the staffing pattern (losing or shuffling of knowledgeable staff), uncertainty in funding should be avoided. Based on the drawbacks few recommendations were framed that PHNs should acknowledge, consider and apply the work practice undertaken by the Medicare Locals in the need assessment in local area and setting priorities which will promote the efficiency of care (Javanparast, 2015). The clinical council should take control of its activities as it involves many stakeholders. The health care professionals of the MLs should be retained to provide prompt care as they are already oriented with to the people and work. The general practice should be viewed as a key stakeholder and should also develop a network with primary health care providers of other centers. Fund should be allotted to promote the collaboration of PHN with LHNs with other stakeholders. The PHNs should strive to develop partnerships in strategic planning and implementing the program and evaluate the short term and long term effects. The LHNs should accept the newly formed PHNs so as to establish partnership in the health care system. There should be a clear description of the roles and responsibilities of both PHNs and LHNs that includes their roles in health promotion and addressing social determinants of health. They should develop partnerships with PHNs and should aim to avoid the differences in their goals and organizational culture to improve an effective care (Javanparast, 2015). Moreover the state governments should invest funds on both PHNs and LHNs in a long term basis and there should be organizational stability and extent support to provide care. The government should evaluate the working of these networks so as to modify accordingly. The number of settings should be increased to promote health. The study conducted by Bartlett, 2016 suggests that the health network should promote empowerment of the consumers by increasing the literacy and transparency based on health and offer incentives to people wit h smarter lifestyles. There should be greater emphasis on the preventive aspects. Thus a good health care system should deliver a high quality care to all the people, whenever and wherever they are required. None of the health management networks are free from issue as it is directly linked with community people. These issues should be addressed at the earliest to enhance its effectiveness in health care. It should be impartial in the provision of care and provide equal care to all the people with appropriate technology. These networks are beneficial to the people except few issues which could be overcome by effective method. Reference Bartlett, C., Butler, S. and Haines, L. (2016). Reimagining health reform in Australia: Taking a systems approach to health and wellness. Retrieved from https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/reports/health-reform-australia Booth, M., Hill, G., Moore, M. J., Dalla, D., Moore, M. G. Messenger, A. (2016). The new Australian Primary Health Networks: how will they integrate public health and primary care? Public Health Res Pract. 26(1). doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.17061/phrp2611603. Cook, N. (2015). Introducing Primary Health Networks. Retrieved from www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/284415/PHN-N-Cook.pdf Couzos, S., Thiele, D. D. and Page, P. (2016). Primary Health Networks and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health: Medical Journal of Australia. 204 (6): 234-237. doi:10.5694/mja15.00975 Grant Programme Guidelines. (2016). Primary Health Networks: Australian Government. The department of Health. Version 1.2. Retrieved from www.health.gov.au/.../Primary%20Health%20Network%20Grant%20Programme%20... Horvath,J. (2014). Review of Medicare Locals. Retrieved from www.commcarelink.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/review-medicare-locals-final-report Javanparast, S., Baum, F., Barton, E., Freeman, T., Lawless, A., Fuller, J., Reed, R and Kidd, M. (2015). Medicare LocalLocal Health Network partnerships in South Australia: lessons for Primary Health Networks: The Medical Journal of Australia. Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2015/203/5/medicare-local-local-health-network-partnerships-south-australia-lessons-primary Ley,S. (2015). Media release: New Primary Health Networks to deliver better local care. Retrieved from www.health.gov.au/internet/ministers/publishing.nsf/ Content/ health-mediarel-yr2015-ley036.htm LHN. Our Local Health Networks. Government of South Australia. Retrieved from https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/about+us/our+local+health+networks Local Health Districts. (2016). Local Health Districts. Retrieved from https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/download.cgi/cgi- bin/download.cgi/download/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/hsa 1997161.txt Park, K. (2013). Parks Textbook of Prevention and Social Medicine. (22nd ed.). Jabalpur: m/s Banasardidas Bhanot. PHN. (2016). Primary Health Networks. Retrieved from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/PHN-Home WHO. (2013). Health systems. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/topics/health_systems/en/.