Psychological Analysis Beautiful Mind and Stanford Prison...

The movie Beautiful Mind is about Dr. John Nash who is a mathematical genius and a natural code breaker, at least in his own mind. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia which is a psychological disorder. According to Baird (2011), paranoid schizophrenia is when a person has â€Å"delusions of grandeur and persecution often accompanied by hallucinations† (p. 273). The person has a split from real life circumstances, where their new reality becomes actual fact to them. According to the DMV-IV John Nash was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia because of certain criteria he showed, hallucinations and delusions. It is listed in the DMV-IV as 295.30 Paranoid Type-Schizophrenia (DSM-IV, 1994). Dr. Nash had a break from reality when he†¦show more content†¦The insulin shock therapy was hard to watch because he had to have the injections five times a week for ten weeks with the shock treatments. When he was finally able to come home, he was just on oral medication. A fter a while, he decided on his own to stop taking the medications and the hallucinations returned to his mind. He has a moment of clarity, because he realizes one of his hallucinations can’t be real because she never ages. He returns to the hospital on his own and receives additional therapy. At this point in his illness, he chooses to ignore the hallucinations and not feed into them so that he is able to go back to work to some degree. I agree and disagree with the treatment that Nash received. I think the insulin shock therapy probably could have been discarded as it seemed the medicines he was on when he came out worked fine. I do think that he needed a caretaker to make sure that he took his medicine, instead of like his wife in the movie, giving it to him and walking away. She was entrusted with his care when released from the hospital, so must show some accountability to make sure he takes the medication. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy has been shown to be the most promising in helping patients with this disease (Franklin, 2004). I think with his treatment, it would have been beneficial to have some type of cognitive and behavioral management skills that would teach him how toShow MoreRelatedThings That Go Bump In the Night: Why They Are Scary2198 Words   |  9 Pagesculture, like the Harry Potter series with Remus Lupin. He was bitten as a child by the werewolf, Fenrir Greyback. Lupin has no control over himself when he changes form until the introduction of the wolfsbane potion and is quoted saying, â€Å"I keep my mind when I transform†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Rowling 353). Before this potion was created he, â€Å"became a fully fledged monster once a month,† and he, â€Å"was separated from humans to bite,† revealing how little control he had when he transformed. In literature and film depictingRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagesthought and reasoning. We analyze the consumption stories of 30 mus eum goers in order to understand how people move through museum spaces and feel, touch, hear, smell, and taste art. Further, through an analysis of metaphors and the use of conceptual blending, we tap into the participants’ unconscious minds, gleaning important embodiment processes that shape their reasoning. Solvitur ambulando (Solve it by walking) (roman proverb) I n the twenty-ï ¬ rst century, for better or worse, the marketplaceRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagesthought and reasoning. We analyze the consumption stories of 30 museum goers in order to understand how people move through museum spaces and feel, touch, hear, smell, and taste art. Further, through an analysis of metaphors and the use of conceptual blending, we tap into the participants’ unconscious minds, gleaning important embodiment processes that shape their reasoning. Solvitur ambulando (Solve it by walking) (roman proverb) I n the twenty-ï ¬ rst century, for better or worse, the marketplace hasRead MoreFraud Triangle15238 Words   |  61 Pagesgo to prison or not. I am prepared to work however long it takes to pay the banks back in full with reasonable interest from a garnishment of my wages from now until the full amount is paid and settled. I committed this act because I was feeling desperate. I was emotionally a wreck and physically tired. I felt I didn’t have a choice but to do what I did or return to living in my car. I know now that what I did was wrong, and I am very sorry for it. I am attempting to seek psychological counselingRead MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pagesadvertising language, its history. The second chapter is types of advertising (consumer advertising, media of consumer advertising). In the third chapter we consider slogans, logos, types with tone and some thoughts of colour. In the fourth chapter we study advertising as a service. The fifth chapter includes new agencies such as newspapers, periodicals, radio, television. And also methods of advertising in the chapter of sixth (television, newspapers, brochures, direct mail, radio, internet and so on)Read MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesreferred to, seldom known: THE BLIND M E N A N D THE ELEPHANT by John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887) It was six men of Indostan To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant (Though all of them were blind) That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The First approached the Elephant, And happening to fall Against his broad and sturdy side, At once began to brawl: God bless me but the Elephant Is very like a wall. The Second, feeling of the tusk, Cried, Ho! What have we here So very roundRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Leadership Opportunities Of The Youth Association Pee Wee...

Leadership opportunities abound not only in the work setting, but in churches, communities, and neighborhoods as well. By taking on community leadership roles, individuals give back to the community and gain valuable experience that will serve them well in the workplace. In my own experience, I led the Chantilly Youth Association Pee Wee Soccer program for three years. In this capacity, I created schedules, reserved fields and gyms, ordered uniforms, arranged for the training of officials, collected money, and created teams for over 500 young children. I had a vision for the program and helped it grow. While Pee Wee Soccer is not rooted in a faith-filled tradition, faith-based leadership skills apply. Running such a large program affords the opportunity to teach as Jesus did, at least with respect to community and service, and gain valuable insight into organizational behavior. Perhaps the most essential lesson learned is that to be successful, it is important to consider the needs of everyone involved, and not merely the needs of a few. Catholic School Leadership The skills gained through Pee Wee Soccer prepared me well for the leadership roles I undertook in my early years as a Catholic school teacher. Whether in the role as Math Committee chairperson or as leader of the â€Å"Word Study† program, developing a vision, articulating that vision, and seeing it through to completion helped me gain support from my peers and colleagues as I took on more responsibility and further

Shylock Villain or Victim Essay Example For Students

Shylock Villain or Victim Essay In the day of Shakespeares plays going to the theatre to see a play was often a very popular source of entertainment. People would squash into the globe to see the performance, and feel part of the action; cheering and clapping away. Also when they felt anger, it was seen as ok, to throw mouldy fruit or vegetables at the stage in disgust at the action taking place. The Merchant of Venice was 1st performed at the globe all those years ago and is still being performed today. The Merchant of Venice is set in Venice/Belmont, Italy. It would have been set there as not to offend the audience because I dont think any of the spectators at the time would be from Venice. There for it isnt possible for some of the actions in the play to upset or offend the culture of Italy at the time. Also being in Venice it cannot offend the legal system close to home. There are many themes and issues to the play such as friendship, marriage and relations (especially ones between father and daughter. I. e. -Jessica and Shylock). Also religion, law, discrimination and prejudice, control and power and the position of women are key themes in the play. While the play was 1st being performed the women were not allowed to act, so men had to wear womens clothes, and pretend to be women. This sort of shows how women were treated then; unfairly in comparison to the men. But the main, central debate is still about Shylock and weather he is a villain or victim. Dustin Hoffman wrote: is he tragic or is he comic? And of course hes both. Hes one of the most complex human beings Shakespeare wrote. And hes very much correct, he plays the part of two characters, but a lot of people do think that he is one or the other. And by looking at evidence you can see him being one of the two. Some people believe that Shylock is blood thirsty, were as some believe hes a godly and clean living character. In Act 1, Scene 3 we are introduced to Shylock, this is the 1st time in the play, were we can start to get an idea of weather Shylock is a villain or a victim. The 1st sign of him being a villain it the very first line he says. This shows what he is thinking about most. He says 3000 ducats well. By saying this he is showing that the only thing on his mind is making money, and that he is obsessed with it. It is in this scene that Bassanio seeks Shylock out and asks to borrow money from him in Antonios name. Also in this scene do we learn of Shylocks hatred for Antonio and the Christians:How like a fawning publican he looks! / I hate him for he is a Christian. Another sign of villainy is the use of repetition, Shylock does use a lot, and he says it in this scene- ho, no, no, no, no. Another sign of villainy is the thought of revenge, and he blatantly says him self, he is mainly in this bond for the revenge when he says he has an ancient grudge against Antonio. It seems a though he is agreeing to the bond, expecting Antonio to be unable to pay, and to see him dead, and the Christians unhappy. Perhaps he receives the terms of the bond in this manner because he is confident that he will be able to repay the bond. Shylock feels justified in exacting revenge upon Antonio because he blames him for all his problems and is bitter about the manner in which Antonio has treated him in the past. He is also resentful of the ridicule and torment of his race by the Christians. Through the bond he feels he will be able to avenge the treatment of his religion I think if Shylock thought Antonio would be able to pay him back, he would have not gone through with the deal. He is seeking revenge for all the poor treatment he has received from them. He also shows how much he feels he needs to be in control, another sign of villainy. When he says Antonio shall become bound well He wants to be in control of the situation, and for it all to come through. Also he says how much he hates the Christians, proving my point, saying he wants them dead. We also see Shylock as a manipulative type of character when he calls the bond a merry sport, which isnt usual for a life threatening deal. You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gabardine This line by Shylock on Antonio and Bassanio, is heavily implying that they are racist towards the Jews. We can see this appears in later scenes, in act 2 scene 8 Salarino and Salanio refer to Shylock as the, Dog Jew. And of course in those days (or indeed now) it would be seen as such a high insult to be called a dog. But he later brings this back on the Christians where he says Thou calldst me a dog, before thou had a cause/but since I am a dog beware my fangs He is saying that seeing as they called him a dog before, he know has the right to act like one, and he joke saying Beware my fangs because he intends to have Christians dead. But as well as seeing Shylock being a villainous character, we also see him become a character who is a bullied victim. For instance, he says to Antonio how he has been insulted all his life- many a time and oft in the Rialto you have rated me. He would be thinking here why should he do a favour for someone who has insulted him all his life, and judged him also. And also he has been spat upon- And spat upon my Jewish gabardine He there makes him self very hurt and damaged. Which you could imagine he is. Also he actually offers Antonio his friend ship (Although whether he meant it or was again being manipulative is debateable). But never the less he does say to Antonio- I would be friends with you. Shylock also says how he is victimised- (definite sign of being a victim. )- I am as like to call thee so again/to spit on thee again, to spurn thee too. I think that in this scene Shylock is immediately shown as a villain, but as you get to know him, you see that it is because he has been victimised before. In Act 3, Scene 1 Shylock is feeling a lot of emotional distress as he has recently heard of his daughter running away. Not only did she run away, but also she left with Shylocks Jewels. An inspector calls essayWe see that near the start of the play Portia says: I can easier teach twenty what were good to be done, than be one of the twenty to follow mine own teaching. She is saying it is hard to practise what you preach, yet this seems to be very hypocritical at this stage because she has gone against her earlier emotions of having justice and mercy. Also we can see again this links back to earlier where she was wanting mercy because she wanted women to be equal to men, if she really believed in this she would treat Jews and Christians the same. Shylock is again viciously attacked by Gratiano once more, which is a big sign of racism. Again in this scene I would say he is mostly playing the part of the victim. In this scene there is a big presence of friendship from Bassanio to Antonio when he says: The Jew shalt have my flesh, blood, bones, and all/ere shalt lose for me one drop of blood, he is saying that he will take the pain for Antonio if he wanted, because to see his best friend die, would be enough pain. I think that Portia knew all the way along about the loophole in the law, and I think she was leading Shylock on to say things he didnt mean, like how he would only accept his bond, no money or anything, later on, he would wish he didnt say that because he indeed ends up loosing all his money and everything which is precious to him, including his right to stay with his own religion. Gratiano also mocks Shylock about his earlier speech were he says: O upright judge! Mark, Jew, O learned Judge. Shylock spoke similarly to this when he said O noble judge! O excellent young man! This was indeed only false hopes, as the discrimination to Jews really showed through from the judge and all Shylock had were very much false hopes. Although it seems as though it is mostly pay back, which seems unfair, as Shylock was the one who deserved revenge. As well as these 3 major scenes, there are other smaller parts where we can see if Shylock is villain or a victim. Such as in Act 2 Scene 2 we can see the Christians being racist which is a sign that they would later do it again. They were being racist to one of there servants called Lancelot. They said to him: For I am a Jew If I serve the Jew any longer. Also we see that in Act 5 Shylock is not there, this meaning that he cannot be the hero of the play, because the hero must be in the last scene, if he is indeed to be a hero. Although he is mentioned, and thought about. Another way, in which Shylock is established as a villain, is through his treatment of Jessica. It is in Act 2 Scene 5 that we first witness an interaction between Shylock and Jessica. During this he orders her about as if she were a servant and mentions nothing about her well being, only instructs her to look after the well being of his house: Hear you me, Jessica: / Lock up my doors: and when you hear the drum Nor thrust your head into the public street But stop my houses ears Let not the sound of shallow foppery enter / my sober house. We can see in Act 2 Scene 8 Saleranio and Solanio are constant tormentors of Shylock and mock him at every opportunity: I never heard a passion so confused, / So strange, outrageous, and so variable, / As the dog Jew did utter in the streets in the streets: / My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Shylock used the words O my ducats! O my daughter earlier in the play, and they are bringing it up again, and using it to tease and mock Shylock. This is probably because Shylock was having trouble deciding on what he cared more for, and which he wanted back, which is ironic, because at the end, he had neither of those two and he also lost his right to believe in his own religion. I think that in conclusion Shylock is over all a victim. He is a Jew, and he suffers persecution from the Christians. For this he becomes bitter and resentful oh the Christians and sought to use his financial strength to damage Antonio and Bassanio (and the Christians in general). As Sir Peter Hay quite rightly says: He becomes that which he most abhors. Hes torn to shreds emotionally by the society around him. He becomes the very thing thats reduced him, thats taken his humanity away. Shylock can be seen as being all too nai ve, but a human character, on a strict religion who ends up being humiliated. It is clearly seen that in that day and age, Jews were not at all tolerated. I think because of the poor treatment that Shylock had received over the years, and I think that loosing his daughter was the final injustice. At the time of loosing his daughter and the jewels I think he would have probably said things which he didnt actually mean, sort of in the heat of the moment. Those made him seem more villainous than he perhaps was. In the end Shylock did have a right to a pound of Antonios flesh, but seeing as the court was being run by Christians it was very much an unfair trial, he was mocked, and victimised. At the time I dont think Shylock would get much or any sympathy from the audience at all, seeing as the audience would be mostly filled with Christians. After the trial Shylock was even forced to denounce his religion and was fortunate to not loose all of his belongings. Although Shylock was not in the final scene (Which the hero of a play normally is), but I think that his presence was felt. I think that all the way through Shylock was victimised and bullied, which may have made him say/do things which made him look villainous. Its also a good idea to work out Shakespeares views on the Jewish. I think that he is aware of the racist attitudes, and by writing this play he wants to express his views. If he was a straight forward racist he wouldnt have been given Shylock his great speeches which show how hurt and victimised he was. But he has conformed to society because shylock is still heavily persecuted. But over all I believe Shylock was a victim.

Managing Cultural Diversity in International Business

Introduction There are significant cultural differences among people of different races, regions as well as tribe. People’s cultures often shape their attitudes and perceptions towards issues of morality and values or virtues as well as how they interact with their environments.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing Cultural Diversity in International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People’s norms as well as values are significantly different across the continents and their perceptions are greatly influenced by their cultures. The report therefore examines these cultural differences across the globe from the business perspective. The US-Polish case has been examined in relation to these cultural diversities (Canen 1999, pp. 3-10). Background The report is a covers the effects that cultural diversity has on any business firm and how such diversity can be exploited to the advantage of th e firm rather than being perceived as a problem. The firm under focus is a US-Polish corporation which is a multinational corporation with its operations in areas of different cultural backgrounds. In Poland the company did not focus so much on the success of the firm or hard work. An individual was not perceived with great importance as in the US case. This therefore enabled the firm to change its strategies in its operations so as to appeal to the US population hence enabling it to do well. Objectives The main objective here was to determine the significance of cultural diversity and how it affects the success or failure of an enterprise. The report looks at how an enterprise can use cultural diversity to its advantage over its competitors both in the operations and marketing of its products and services. With the increase in cultural interactions due to globalization, one cannot ignore the issue of cultural diversity if he/she intends to succeed in his/her ventures. The report th ere looks at how exploiting or ignoring such differences can affect an enterprise. Main Body US/Polish Company It was realized that there were significant cultural differences in the firm based in Poland and its US branch. In the US for instance, those applying for managerial posts were for instance subjected to minor tasks like sales before being considered for the position. This was not the case with Poland as those applying for the same were immediately considered.Advertising Looking for report on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The employees were also subjected to accountability in the US as opposed to the case in Poland. The issue of trust was also significantly different in the two cases. In the US case, employees were trusted and treated with dignity unlike the Polish case where there was the superior–inferior relationship and employees were treated with suspicion. In the case of formality, the US managers were a bit informal, communicating to each other directly and freely without being ambiguous. In the polish case however, employees were addressed with formality. The issue of hierarchy is not significantly visible in the US case as the managers often spoke to the other employees informally so as to eliminate any arising ambiguity in the communication system. Employees were assessed at individual level so as to determine their productivity as opposed to the polish case where the assessment was collective (Parboteeah 2010, pp. 462-465). A joint venture in the US-Polish case has proved beneficial. In the US system for instance an individual is compelled to improve his/her productivity given that the person is assessed at an individual level and this leads to the general improvement in the company’s productivity. The Polish managers have been able to borrow ideas about the management of cultural diversity and its significance in the success of the company hence leadi ng to improvement in the company’s production, marketing and delivery. Global Business With globalization, interaction of people from different cultures has become common. People interact through international organizations the WHO being just an example. The reductions in the air ticket prices and improved internet connections have increased intercultural interaction. A business person therefore needs to have some insight into a people’s culture so as to effectively do business with them. Organizational or societal cultures are often influence by regional or even national cultural groupings and these are usually persistent over a long period of time. It is therefore very important for one to put such considerations in mind so as to succeed in business. People from different cultures may have different attitudes of perceptions about a given product. The knowledge of this might be of great benefit particularly when one is coming up with the most appropriate marketing str ategy for a certain market hence penetrating the market even more.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing Cultural Diversity in International Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumption patterns and individual needs are often different across cultures and this is vital knowledge for entrepreneurs. Any company or firm must embrace cultural diversity so as to be successful. This therefore demands that the company understands the cultures of different people. This results in the employees feeling comfortable at their work place hence becoming more productive. The fact that they are comfortable makes them feel appreciated and would hence not opt to move somewhere else. This is beneficial to any firm as the costs of retaining or recruiting new workers is significantly reduced and the company will develop a positive image as well (Goldsborough 2007, pp. 200). Whenever a firm incorporates people from diffe rent cultures speaking different languages in its operation, it always has an advantage over the other competitors given that it is able to penetrate new markets. The knowledge of different cultures enables firms to effectively navigate market complexities that are brought about by culture like social hierarchies, people’s business practices as well as their norms and values. Obstacles Some of the challenges encountered while trying to embrace cultural diversity include; Problems in the political environment, Challenges that are caused by the economic environment, Legal issues and The significant cultural differences. Conclusion Cultural diversity if perceived by a firm as advantageous rather than a shortfall can greatly influence the firms marketing strategy, its productivity as well as giving it a competitive advantage over the others. An organization needs to embrace cultural diversity for both the employees and the clients to feel appreciated and this will in the long r un result in the productivity of that organization. It helps in the understanding of the behaviors of the consumer and this helps in designing the best marketing strategies. Recommendations Cultural diversity must be embraced by an organization for it to make it in its operations and service delivery. Joint ventures to be done for the firms to learn about cultural diversity and how to go about it. Skills, backgrounds as well as the employees’ cultures and traditions must be understood by the management so as to ensure that they are comfortable in their working environment hence increased productivity. Reference List Canen, A., Canen, A., 1999. Logistics and Cultural Diversity: Hand in Hand for Organizational Success, Cross Cultural Management: An International  Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 3-10.Advertising Looking for report on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Goldsborough, W., Anderson, D., 2007, Import/Export Management. New York, Free Press. Parboteeah, K., Cullin, J., 2010, International Business – Organizational and  National Cultures in a Polish – U.S Joint Venture. New York, South-Western College Pub. This report on Managing Cultural Diversity in International Business was written and submitted by user Shockwave to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

To Live Essays - To Live, The Doctor, Doctor Who, Twelfth Doctor

To Live All the time people face problems during there life. Most of the time the problems that people come across are very minimal and can be dealt with very easily and quickly. People do not appreciate what they have. When your parent packs your lunch and you are disappointed with what you receive, think about the people in other countries where they would eat anything that is edible. Constantly people all over the world die of famine but we are trapped in a fantasy world where none of this happens. Think twice when you throw away your food. One country where people's problems are a lot more serious is in China. Until the Civil War the Chinese were very rich. They lived in mansions and had servants. They were so rich that when they wanted to go somewhere they could hope on a person's back and they would carry them there. The main character in the movie, Fugui Xu, a young Chinese man gambled very frequently. He gambled a lot and had no luck winning. He lost so much gambling he was forced to hand over his mansion. He was then force to live like a common folk. They were very used to living the high life and because of that it was very difficult for them to survive living as a common folk. They had to get new jobs that were a lot less paying. Fugui's new job was to play shadow puppets and his wife's job was providing water for the community. Fortunately Fugui's family did perfectly fine with the money they earned. I will show you how Fugui and his family went from having a privileged past to having to affiliate with the communists to stay alive. Later on Fugui was forced to join the Nationalist army and once again he was forced to leave everything behind. He had to live through the frigid Chinese winter. Much of the army froze to death but fortunately Fugui and his friends survived by recovering the frozen people's coats. He was one of the lucky ones. He fought in many harsh conditions such as the Civil War. He was still able to stay alive by scavenging off the dead people's body to get adequate clothing, which was a very smart thing to do. He had to be very creative to not be drafted into the communist army. Most likely who would have been sent into prison, but to get out of that situation he entertained the communist army by performing shadow puppets. When he returned he was reunited with his family which he did not see for much time. The Great Leap Forward was also occurring at the same time. Fugui's family was barely holding on with their very low paying job, which was delivering water to the community. It was very hard for his family to survive without him and his money but they did it. Fugui daughter learned to help and contribute to the family by delivering water. When Fugui returned he learned that his daughter had an accident and became mute and partially deaf. Living in a community was hard for them because they had to deal with there surrounding neighbors. One day Youqing, Fugui's son, defended his sister by defending her from bullies shooting rocks at her. The whole family learned to trust and respect eachother. Part of the Great Leap was making steal and because of this everybody needed to hand over anything that was made of metal. Fugui's family needed to give away there pots and pans which now made it even harder to g ive the water to the community. Another tough time for Fugui's family was the Cultural Revolution. The community, in which Fugui and his family lived in, smelted steel around the clock. They needed to work extra hard because the district chief was coming in. The community wanted to make a good impression on the district chief so they made the kids word at school. Everybody was very tired from working long hours including Youqing. This small child slept behind a wall in deep sleep not aware of what was going around him. The district chief finally came in. He was also very

Become an Adjunct Professor

Become an Adjunct Professor In the academic world, there are several types of professors. In general, an adjunct professor is a part-time instructor. Instead of being hired on a full-time, long-term basis, adjunct professors are hired based on the number of classes needed and by the semester. Usually, they are not guaranteed work beyond the current semester and are not given benefits. While they may be retained over and over again, being an adjunct is more of a temporary role in general. Adjunct Professors Contracts Adjunct professors work by contract, so their responsibilities are limited to teaching the course they have been hired to teach. They are not required to conduct research or service activities at the school, as a typical professor would participate in. In general, adjunct professors are paid $2,000 to $4,000 per class, depending on the university or college at which they teach. Many adjunct professors hold full-time jobs and teach to supplement their income or to expand their networking capabilities. Some teach simply because they enjoy it. Other adjunct professors teach several classes at several institutions each semester in order to earn a living from teaching. Some academics argue that adjunct professors are taken advantage of because many so desire to keep a foot in academia despite heavy workloads and poor pay, but it still makes good financial sense for different professionals and institutions. Pros and Cons of Adjunct Teaching There are advantages and disadvantages to becoming an adjunct. One perk is that it can bolster your image and help you develop a professional platform; another is that you will not have to get involved in organizational politics that plague many institutions. The pay is much lower than a regular professor, though, so you may feel like you are doing the same amount of work as colleagues and getting paid less. Its important to consider your motivations and goals when considering a career or job as an adjunct professor; for many people, its a supplement to their career or income instead of a full-time career. For others, it can help them get their foot in the door to becoming a tenured professor. How to Become an Adjunct Professor To be an adjunct professor, you will need to hold a masters degree at the least. Many adjunct professors are in the middle of earning a degree. Some have Ph.D. degrees. Others just have a lot of experience in their respective fields. Are you an existing graduate school student? Network in your department to see if there are any potential openings. Also, inquire locally at community colleges to break in and get some experience.

Almarai Dairy Foods Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Almarai Dairy Foods Company - Essay Example The fresh milk and laban produced by the company soon became two of the high demanded products in the markets of Saudi Arabia. The process of centralization took place in 1990s when the management started to centralize the structure of the company by replacing the decentralized plants by central processing plants. The state-of-the-art infrastructure plays a great role in the success of this dairy products producing company. Along with the infrastructure, the distribution mechanisms also hold great importance in the success of the company. Some of the main dairy product categories produced by the Almarai include dairy liquids, yogurt, cheese, butter, ghee, tomato pastes, fresh cream, custards, bakery products, and some chicken products. All of the products produced by Almarai are of high quality and that is the major reason behind the success of the company. Almarai is also the first dairy company in the world, which has been certified by the ISO 9002 quality standards. The title of t he website is the name of the company. The developer of the website is a renowned web development company, Media Plus. Although the name of the developing company has been listed on the website but there is no proper way to contact the developers. However, one can contact the company’s officials regarding any concern through messages. The link, contact us, has been placed on the home page of the website. The illustrations are appropriate and informative. The line, Quality you can trust, has been placed on the top of the first page of the website which gives a clear picture of the quality standards of the company. The overall design of the website is simple and easy to understand. The layout of the website is attractive as it gives a real feeling of a dairy company’s website. The website is also easy to navigate. The introduction of the company is appropriate. One can understand the nature and history of the company very easily by reading the introduction. Moreover, the introduction is written in simple English, which make it easy for everyone to understand the content. Seven links are placed on the home page of the website. In every link, there are some further links which take us to the details of the main link. For example, when we open products page, we can click on each product and can get detailed information of the product. This is a very attractive and informative aspect of the website. The text is normal. It is not very large so that it can occupy large place of the screen. Everyone can read the text without any difficulty. The text is also in contrast with the background color. For example, the links are written in white color whereas the background color for the links’ area is blue. The links’ sub-topics have been developed very well. The sub-topics are not linked in turn to other sites. The links work very well. One can get information about the required things by clicking on the relevant links. The website does not prese nt any specific viewpoint. It just presents facts about the company’s products, financial information, history, news etc. One can find useful information about the products, brands, and details of the products. The only drawback regarding the website is the time that it takes to open the links. The links do not get opened very quickly. Nadec Nadec is the biggest agricultural joint stock public company of Saudi Arabia. The company was founded in 1981. Nadec delivers high quality nutritious products to the customers. Along with agricultural products, such as, wheat,

There have been many barriers in the success of theMNC but they have Essay

There have been many barriers in the success of theMNC but they have managed to set back - Essay Example Changes in the policies and economic system in the developing countries have lead to a shift the way governments had perceived their interest. Hence there has been a wide range of attitudes of government towards the multinationals. Economic globalization has lead to the widening and extent of international transactions. One of the consequences of globalization is the growing convergence of the level of income, consumption pattern and also institutional structure among the industrialized countries and developing countries. To most important determinants of globalization includes fast and extensive implementation of new technologies mainly computer technologies and information, organizational cost and also cross border communications and secondly, liberalization of domestic and also of international markets. But it can also be said that globalization has not affected all the countries and also regions in some way or the other. It has resulted in widening the assets and also income gaps between the developing countries and industrialized countries (Dunning & Narula, 2004, p.39). The globalization has emerged as one of the going concern and has forced the multinationals to excel in its respective industry by way of expansion and creating a brand name all over the globe. Body Growth of Multinationals Post war period has witnessed the unprecedented and sustained growth in the multinational corporations. There has been a growth of international business which has been financed by the foreign direct investment (FDI) which further has been accompanied by variety in its source of geographical distribution (Tolentino & Tolentino, 2004, p.1). The subject that has raised maximum interest in relation to the promising economies is the rise of multinationals. The framework which is designed to explain the growth of multinationals are hence not adequate enough to understand the growth of emerging multinationals as in today’s date (Dolfsma, et.al, 2009, p.146). With the e xpansion of world economy it promoted a recovery in the rate of FDI in the global scenario. By the year 1960, the global stock of FDI has reached about $60 billion and by 1980 it stood at about $500billion. It was during these decades that the term multinational were invented and the economic theorist has turned their attention in explaining the existence of international firms. During 1960’s US have accounted nearly 85% of all new FDIs flows. By 1980 it held about 40% of the stock in total. Today the German have managed to surpass Netherland. In 1980 there was no multinational investment made in neither China nor India and Japan accounted for only 1% of the FDI stock. 1980 was the phase when globalization got intensified. Japan share of manufacturing increased from merely 55 to about 20% thirty years later the inception of globalization. The most striking changes took place with the emerging countries. Multinationals were seen as a means to develop new products, technologies and also skills. Chain adopted the market oriented policy is an example of starting point of new global economy. Deregulation and also privatization has further opened up new opportunities with respect to globalization and includes services such as tourism, transport, telecommunications and other services. Multinational faces risk of expropriation but the rules of international property

Japanese Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japanese Technology - Essay Example This accounts to above $130 billion. A further indication of what Japan is capable of producing is the fact that it is the country that has received most Nobel prizes in Asia. These are facts evidence in the book, â€Å"Culture and Technology in Modern Japan† by Inkster Ian and Satofuka Fumihiko, as will be analyzed in this paper. It is also important to note that Japan is the one country in the entire globe that has prime international conglomerates such as Canon, Sony, Sharp, Panasonic, Hitachi, Fujitsi, Toshiba, Epson, and NEC. Other great companies from Japan include Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, and Mazda. Japan’s innovative nature can also be found in such fields as Robotics, Chemicals, Metals, Semi conductors, and Optics. The amazing ability of Japan can be emphasized by the fact that it owns more than half of the world industrial robots. Moreover, six of the largest automotives of the world manufacturers have a Japanese origin. A world research on technology has also held that Japan has the most developed rail transport in the world. Madlev train is the fastest train in train in the entire globe with a speed of 581 kilometers per hour. This has for long, remained unbeaten. Needless to say, Japan rules the world space. The Exploration Agency and Aerospace are the reasons and foundations for Japan’s space related development and research. This has led to excellence in rocket development making its contribution to technology within the space commendable. The fact that Japan depends entirely on imported fuel; its priority has been centered on nuclear energy. It is the third chief world’s nuclear power. Currently, the country has 55 nuclear reactors, which provide 35% of the country’s electricity. The only energy that has proved hard to be produced in Japan is wind energy. This does not mean that Japan does not have the technology and

Animal Behavior: Pillbugs and Their Preferences

Animal Behavior: Pillbugs and Their Preferences The organism used in this experiment is Armadillidium vulgare which is commonly called a pillbug, sowbug, or roly-poly. The pillbug belongs to the Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea, and Order Isopoda. To understand this experiment it is important to have some knowledge of the organism being observed. The pillbug is an isopod. The pillbug is made up of three body parts. They are the head, thorax, and abdomen. This organism has two pairs of antennae (one prominent and one inconspicuous), simple eyes, seven pairs of legs, seven separate segments on the thorax, and paired appendages at the end of the abdomen called uropods. The color varies from dark gray to white with pattern or white without pattern. Male and female pillbugs differ in that a female has leaf-like growths at the base of some of its legs. The purpose of these pouches is to hold developing eggs and embryos. Males differ in that the first two appendages on their abdomens are elongated copulatory organs. T he immature isopod looks like an adult, save for its size, proportion, color, and sexual development. The pillbug is of the Order Isopoda. Isopods feed on dead or decaying plants or animals. Some isopods may eat living plants. They breathe with gills, and therefore their habitats are places of high humidity. During the day, pillbugs hide in moist places, such as under stone and bark. The organism being observed reproduces on land instead of in water. The eggs develop in a brood pouch filled with fluid. This organism produces between one and two broods. This depends upon the females size and condition. The female may stop growing under stress. This decreases the likelihood of reproducing more than once. The pillbug society is patriarchal. The burrow in which a pillbug family lives is guarded by the father. Both the father and mother gather the food. The entire pillbug family cleans the burrow. The young set out in February to create families of their own. Pillbugs are known for their defense mechanism of curling up into a tight ball. As for the impact of isopods impact on the ecosystem, there are both positive and negative effects. Isopods cause minimal soil improvement and provide a food source for other animals. Large populations of isopods can eat and cause damage to plants. The role of the pillbug in the ecosystem is breaking down dead plants and animals. Pillbugs that live in gardens help the circulation of soil, but its possible they will eat small plants as they germinate. Overall, pillbugs have a small impact on the ecosystem. To understand this experiment it is also important to be somewhat knowledgable on ethology, the study of animal behavior. Behavior is defined as an animals response to sensory input. There are two categories that a behavior can fall into. They are learned and innate. The behavior that places an animal in its favorite environment is called an orientation behavior. When an animal moves toward or away from a stimulus, it has exhibited taxis. Light, heat, moisture, sound, or chemicals are often the stimuli that cause taxis. Random movement that does not result in orientation with respect to a stimulus is known as kinesis. Another type of behavior is Agnostic behavior. This is exhibited when animals respond to one another by aggressive or submissive responses. The pH of soil varies depending on the soils condition. There are plants that grow best when the soil is acidic, and there are some plants that grow best when the soil is basic. Most plants, however, show the best growth in areas where the pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.2, 7 being neutral. Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide have pHs at the extremes of the pH scale. The pH of Hydrochloric acid, HCL, (0.1 M) is about 1.1. Sodium Hydroxide, KOH, (0.1 M) has a pH of about 13.5. Detritus is what isopods feed on, and it as a more acidic pH. When organic matter decays, H ions are produced. Therefore, acid is added to the soil. Generally, the acidity limit for plants is no lower than approximately 4.5 to 5.6 on the pH scale. The vapor pressure of a liquid refers to the idea that, in a closed container, evaporation will continue until equilibrium is reached. The vapor pressure of HCl and water are approximately equal (20 mmHg at room temperature, 22 C), and the vapor pressure of KOH for a 45% so lution is approximately 2 mmHg. The purpose of this experiment was to use pillbugs to examine animal behaviors and habitat preferences and to determine whether this organism prefers moist or dry habitats, dark or light habitats, and acidic or caustic environments With knowledge of isopods and pillbugs, it was hypothesized that the pillbugs would spend more time near the damp filter paper because of their need for high humidity in order to breathe. Given that pillbugs live under rocks and feed on decaying organisms, which release acid into the soil, it was also hypothesized that they would prefer the dark rather than light conditions and the acidic over the caustic environment. Materials and Methods Water Pipet Filter Paper (2 pieces) Choice Chamber Scissors Soft Brush 10 Pill Bugs Stopwatch To observe pill bugs and their preference moist versus dry conditions, a choice chamber, consisting of two petri dishes connected to one another, was obtained and lined with filter paper. Two pieces of filter paper were cut to fit the chambers. One was then moistened, using a pipette, with a few drops of water. The second piece of circular filter paper was left dry. The moistened filter paper was placed at the bottom of one chamber, chamber 1, and the dry filter paper was placed at the bottom of the other, chamber 2. Then, using a soft brush, ten pill bugs were obtained from the stock of pill bugs, and then placed into the chambers. Also using a soft brush, five pill bugs were placed in the dry chamber while the remaining five were placed in the moist chamber and the chambers were closed. This pillbug count for each chamber was then recorded for time zero minutes. Using the stopwatch to track time, the count of pill bugs on each side of the choice chamber was then recorded every 30 s econds for ten minutes, and continued even when some may no longer have been moving or were all on one side. Notes were taken on the actions and interactions of the pill bugs throughout the ten minute period. Once ten minutes had elapsed, the pill bugs were returned to the stock culture. Black Paper White Filter Paper Choice Chamber 10 Pill Bugs Soft Brush Scissors Stopwatch To determine the preference of pill bugs between light and dark habitats and conditions, a choice chamber with two connecting petri dishes was lined with two different types of paper. One piece of normal filter paper and one piece of black paper were both cut to fit the chambers. Next, the bottom of the inside of one dish, chamber 1, was covered with the unaltered, white filter paper and the other dish, chamber 2, was lined with the black paper. Then, using a soft brush, ten pill bugs were obtained from the pill bug stock culture, five of which were placed in the black-paper lined chamber and the remaining five were placed in the white paper lined chamber. The choice chamber was then closed. The initial pill bug count, 5 in each chamber was then recorded in the table. For a period of ten minutes, using a stopwatch to track time, the count of the pill bugs on each side of the choice chamber was recorded every thirty seconds. In addition, notes about the interactions of the pill bugs w ere taken throughout the ten minute period. The count continued to be taken, regardless of the lack of movement from the pill bugs or the concentration of all ten in one chamber. After the ten minutes had elapsed, the pill bugs were returned to the stock culture. White Filter Paper (2 pieces) 0.1 M HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) 0.1 M KOH (Potassium Hydroxide) Pipettes (1 or 2) Filter Paper (3 Pieces) 3 Choice Chamber 10 Pill Bugs Scissors Stopwatch To determine and see the preference of pill bugs in terms of basic and acidic conditions, a 3-choice chamber was set up. Three pieces of filter paper were cut to fit the chambers. Using a pipette, about four drops of 0.1 M HCl were placed in a circular pattern about the paper. Another piece of filter paper was sprinkled with 0.1 M KOH in the same manner as was done with the hydrochloric acid. The HCl and KOH were applied to the filter paper in such a way that the paper was not drenched in the chemical. One chamber, the one connected to two other chambers was lined with an unaltered piece of filter paper. One of the two remaining chambers, chamber 1, was lined at the bottom (inside bottom) with the acidic filter paper and the remaining chamber, chamber 3, was lined at the bottom with the basic filter paper. Using a soft brush, the ten pill bugs were all removed from the stock culture and placed in chamber 2, the middle chamber consisting of the unaltered paper. The chambers were then covered and the pill bug count was recorded in the table for the initial time of 0 minutes. For the next ten minutes, the count of pill bugs in each of the three chambers was recorded every thirty minutes. The data continued to be collected even when they were no longer moving sides or were all on one side. After the ten minutes had elapsed, the ten pill bugs were returned to the stock culture. Results Table 1: Number of Pillbugs in Wet vs. Dry Chambers at Various Times Time (min.) Number in Wet Chamber Number in Dry Chamber Other Notes 0 5 5 Begin moving instantly 0.5 2 8 Large number shifts together to one side 1 1 9 One more baby follows 1.5 3 7 Fighting between two larger isopods 2 5 5 Even out again 2.5 5 5 Move about but come back to even; one not moving 3 6 4 More to wet chamber 3.5 4 6 Back to Dry Chamber 4 5 5 Crawling on underside of paper 4.5 4 6 Fighting to get from one side to another 5 3 7 Large pillbug still not moving 5.5 6 4 Other pillbugs begin gathering around non-moving pillbug 6 7 3 Pillbugs piled on top of one another 6.5 5 5 Pillbug begins to move again 7 4 6 More to Dry Chamber 7.5 5 5 Back at even 8 6 4 Continual switch from chamber to chamber 8.5 7 3 Begin gathering at wet chamber 9 9 1 More join wet chamber 9.5 7 3 Crowded, a few go to dry chamber 10 9 1 Return to wet chamber Table 2: Number of Pillbugs in Lighter vs. Darker Colored Chambers at Various Times Time (min.) Number in Light Chamber Number in Dark Chamber Other Notes 0 5 5 Begin moving instantly 0.5 3 7 Move to dark side 1 2 8 More to dark side 1.5 2 8 Remain, no overall movement 2 2 8 No overall movement 2.5 3 7 Begin going to white side 3 3 7 No overall movement 3.5 4 6 Moving to lighter side 4 2 8 Move to dark side 4.5 5 5 Equalize again 5 3 7 Fighting to get to dark side 5.5 5 5 Equalize again 6 4 6 More to Dark side 6.5 7 3 Piling up to get to lighter side 7 7 3 No overall movement 7.5 8 2 More in lighter side 8 9 1 More in lighter side 8.5 7 3 Move to dark side 9 5 5 Equalize again 9.5 3 7 Move to darker side 10 4 6 Young follows adult to other side Table 3: Number of Pillbugs in Neutral, Acidic and Basic Chambers at Various Times Time (min.) Number in Neutral Chamber (Control) Number in Acidic Chamber Number in Basic Chamber Other Notes 0 10 0 0 Immediate Movement 0.5 2 5 3 Move to acidic 1 3 5 2 Stay around outside of chamber 1.5 6 2 2 Quickly out of acidic and into neutral area 2 4 3 3 More to basic area 2.5 5 2 3 Away from acidic area 3 2 3 5 More slowly moving to basic area 3.5 2 1 7 Movement to basic chamber 4 4 0 6 Pillbugs all out of Acidic area 4.5 1 1 8 Most in Basic area 5 1 4 5 Some return to acidic chamber 5.5 3 1 6 Slowly moving out of Acidic chamber and into neutral and basic chambers 6 4 1 5 Out of basic and into neutral 6.5 3 1 6 Back into basic area, around outside of filter paper 7 3 1 6 No overall movement 7.5 4 0 6 All gone from acidic area 8 3 0 7 More to basic area 8.5 4 0 6 Small shift 9 3 0 7 Reverse of shift 9.5 2 0 8 More to basic area more slowly than before test 10 1 0 9 More to basic area Figure 1: Fluctuation in Number of Pillbugs in Wet and Dry Chambers Figure 2: Fluctuation in Number of Pillbugs in Lighter and Darker Colored Chambers Figure 3: Fluctuation in Number of Pillbugs in Acidic, Neutral and Basic Chambers Discussion Table 4: Average Number of Pillbugs in Wet vs. in Dry Chambers Time (min.) Number in Wet Chamber Number in Dry Chamber Average # of Pill Bugs in Wet Average # of Pill Bugs in Dry 0 5 5 0.5 2 8 1 1 9 1.5 3 7 2 5 5 2.5 5 5 3 6 4 3.5 4 6 4 5 5 4.5 4 6 5 3 7 5.5 6 4 6 7 3 6.5 5 5 7 4 6 7.5 5 5 8 6 4 8.5 7 3 9 9 1 9.5 7 3 10 9 1 Total # of Pill bugs 108 102 5.143 4.857 Table 5: Average Number of Pillbugs in Lighter vs. Darker-Colored Chambers Time (min.) Number in Light Chamber Number in Dark Chamber Average # of Pill Bugs in White (Light) Average # of Pill Bugs in Dark 0 5 5 0.5 3 7 1 2 8 1.5 2 8 2 2 8 2.5 3 7 3 3 7 3.5 4 6 4 2 8 4.5 5 5 5 3 7 5.5 5 5 6 4 6 6.5 7 3 7 7 3 7.5 8 2 8 9 1 8.5 7 3 9 5 5 9.5 3 7 10 4 6 Total # of Pill Bugs 93 117 4.429 5.571 Table 6: Average Number of Pillbugs in Neutral, Acidic and Basic Chambers Time (min.) Number in Neutral Chamber Number in Acidic Chamber Number in Basic Chamber Average # of Pill Bugs in Neutral Chamber Average # of Pill Bugs in Acidic Chamber Average # of Pill Bugs in Basic Chamber 0 10 0 0 0.5 2 5 3 1 3 5 2 1.5 6 2 2 2 4 3 3 2.5 5 2 3 3 2 3 5 3.5 2 1 7 4 4 0 6 4.5 1 1 8 5 1 4 5 5.5 3 1 6 6 4 1 5 6.5 3 1 6 7 3 1 6 7.5 4 0 6 8 3 0 7 8.5 4 0 6 9 3 0 7 9.5 2 0 8 10 1 0 9 Total # of Pill Bugs 70 30 110 3.33 1.429 5.238 Figure 4: Comparison of Average Number of Pillbugs in Wet Chamber vs. in Dry Chamber Figure 5: Comparison of Average Number of Pillbugs in Lighter-colored and Dark-colored Paper Figure 6: Comparison of Average Number of Pillbugs in Acidic, Neutral and Basic Chambers It was hypothesized that the pillbugs, given that they possess gills for respiration, and that they live where there is not a lot of light (under rocks and logs), they would prefer the damp chamber over the dry chamber and the dark chamber over the light chamber. Knowing that pillbugs feed off of decaying organic material, and the process of decay increases the soil acidity, it was hypothesized that the pillbugs would prefer the acidic chamber (the one with HCl), over the caustic (with KOH) and neutral chambers. The data collected supports the hypothesis. The mean number of pill bugs in each chamber was calculated by totaling the pillbug count for all twenty-one times in one chamber and then doing the same for the next chamber and then dividing the two totals by the total number of pillbugs counted. This number was 210 in each case. As evidenced by Table 4 and Figure 4, the mean number of pillbugs in the damp chamber over ten minutes was approximately 5.143, and the mean number of pi llbugs in the dry chamber over ten minutes was approximately 4.857. The higher average of the damp chamber over the dry chamber shows taxis toward the stimulus (moisture). The data collected also supported the second part of what was hypothesized. The mean number of pillbugs in the chamber with light paper was about 4.429. Table 5 and Figure 5 show the mean number of pillbugs in the dark chamber to be about 5.571. The results and the known habitats of pillbugs are consistent with one another. The data collected in part three of the experiment did not support what was hypothesized. Table 6 and Figure 6 show that the basic environment (one with drops of KOH) was actually preferred over a neutral environment and the acidic environment (one with drops of HCl) by the pillbugs. The mean number of pillbugs in the neutral environment was about 3.33, for the acidic environment the mean was about 1.429 and for the caustic environment the mean was about 5.238. Its possible the explanation for these results is the vapor pressure of the Hydrochloric acid being higher than that of the Sodium Hydroxide. Irritation caused by HCL vaporizing quickly and getting into the pillbugs gills would explain the lack of time spent in the chamber with the HCl on the filter paper. The lack of moisture on the plain filter paper could explain the lack of time spent in the neutral chamber. The pillbugs antennae would sense any chemical or something like it, and they would be attracted to that chamber. Ag nostic behavior was exhibited by the pillbugs inside the choice chambers. Fighting between the pillbugs represents agnostic behavior. The results of the experiment would not be affected by errors in counting or other human errors. The data collected from the experiment supported two thirds of what was hypothesized. The pillbugs preferences for dark and damp environments over light and dry environments were supported by the results. However, the results suggest that pillbugs preference is for the more caustic environments over the environments that are neutral or acidic. Citations 1. Brown, Courtney Jane. ADW: Armadillidium Vulgare: Information. Animal Diversity Web. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. . 2. Lab # 11 Animal Behavior (College Board, 2001) APÂ ® Biology Lab Manual for Students (2001) New Jersey: College Board. p. 125-131. 3. Isopod, Pillbug, Sow Bug Information. UA Center for Insect Science Education Outreach. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. . 4. Soil PH and Soil Acidity or Alkalinity. Landscaping and Lawns by Donnan Landscape. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. . 5. HYDROCHLORIC ACID (LESS THAN 10%). New Mallinckrodt Baker Website. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. . 6. What Is Acidic Soil? Web. 24 Mar. 2011. . 7. Vapor Pressure. Test Page for Apache Installation. Web. 24 Mar. 2011. . 8. The MSDS HyperGlossary: Vapor Pressure. Transferring You to the ILPI Home Page Web. 24 Mar. 2011. .

Malaysian Culture

Malaysian Culture. INTRODUCTION : Malaysia’s has a multicultural and multiethnic population consisting of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Bumiputra of Sarawak and Sabah, in which people of different religions, countries of origins and race live in a peaceful and harmonious society has influenced its arts and culture. Each of Malays, Chinese, Indians and Bumiputra celebrates different festivities that they hold from their great great grandparents. BODY : 1) First of all, Malays are the largest community in Malaysia. Hari Raya Puasa and Hari Raya Haji are the most significant festivities that they celebrate with families and friends.Hari Raya Puasa, the day of celebration of marking the end of Ramadan (which is a month-long period where fasting takes place from sunrise to sunset) is the biggest event of the Muslim calendar. This is a time when you will see Malay families dressed up in their best traditional outfit like baju kurung and baju Melayu to mark this special occasion. Simi lar to the Chinese during Chinese New Year, the Malays also have the tradition of giving Angpau but on this occasion it is known as duit raya and is given in green packets.Being a Malay and Muslim in Malaysia, the tradition is that, once a year during the festival of Hari Raya Aidilfitri, they prepare luxurious festive food such as ketupat, beef rendang, lemang, satay and the Raya cookies. Then, Hari Raya Haji is celebrated approximately after 70 days the celebrations of Hari Raya Aidilfitri. The ancient Muslim festival of  Hari Raya Haji, also known as the â€Å"Festival of Sacrifice† that is celebrated over two days by Muslims worldwide. The festival starts off with prayers by male volunteers and the sacrifice of sheep, goats and cows to symbolize Phophet Ibrahim’s readiness to sacrifice his own flesh and blood. ) Next, the second major population is the Chinese people. They celebrate Chinese New Year, Mid-Autumn Festival and Hungry Ghost Festival. The date of the Chinese New Year is determined by the lunar calendar and it often falls annually in either January or February. Being a major event on the Chinese calendar, the Chinese residents celebrate this occasion in stylish red or gold colours. Spring cleaning for this festive season is essential to most Chinese and it is a common sight to see red pieces of paper with Chinese calligraphy bearing good wishes placed onto doors and walls.The distribution of Angpau  (red packets containing money) by parents and relatives to unmarried children is a common practice during this festive season. The Mid-Autumn Festival also known as Lantern Festival which falls on the 15th day of the eighth Chinese Lunar Calendar. This is a historical festival rather than a religious one. It marks the successful rebellion against the Mongol ruler dated back in 14th century China. Legend has indicated that the secret about a plot against the Mongolians was hidden inside the moon cake and the moon cake was distributed widely. Lanterns were used at night as signals from higher grounds and hilltop.Today, this festival is celebrated with moon cakes and lantern hanging in the house. The lantern and the moon cakes have attracted many children and adults attention. Next, the seventh month of the lunar calendar is when the hungry ghost festival is celebrated. This event is a traditional Chinese festival celebrated worldwide by Chinese people and it involves the offering of food and burning of offerings for example incense and papier-mache material items such as clothes, gold, cars and houses as a form of ancestor worship with the meaning of extending filial piety from descendants to their ancestors even after their deaths.These offerings can be seen along roadsides and on open grounds as a means of appeasing and respecting the departed. In some areas of Malaysia you may even have the chance watching the Chinese operas which are staged to entertain the wandering spirits. During this festival, puppet sho ws are traditionally held along with live singing performances. 3) Deepavali is one of the significant events celebrated by the Indians. This is a festival when Indian communities are filled with lights, music, scents, arts and performances. Known also as the â€Å"Festival of lights†, it is an occasion of celebration for both Hindus and Sikhs.It marks the beginning of a New Year for certain North Indians, while some believe that the departed souls of relatives will descend during this time and rows of tiny oil lamps are used to guide them on a journey to the next world. During this festival, new clothes are worn, and vibrant and colourful lights, festive bazaars and cultural activities enliven the streets of the Indian communities across Malaysia. 4) Next, we move on to the Bumiputra. In Sarawak, Gawai Dayak  marks the important date for the Ibans ethnic group and marks the end of the paddy rice harvest season.The Ibans invite their friends, family and people from differen t ethnic groups to join in the gaiety celebrated in their longhouses. At the beginning of the ceremony, prayer is usually led by the tribal chief as a traditional way of seeking blessings from the gods, followed by dances performed by men wearing warrior attire. This is followed by the most important part of the ceremony; the miring, a ritual performed by the elderly who simultaneously mutter a chant for peace, safety, protection and a plentiful harvest in the next season. In Sabah, Tadau Kaamatan is a harvesting celebration held by the Kadazandusuns ethnic groups of Sabah.This is a celebration of thanksgiving offered to the rice gods by the farmers. Thus prayers are also held in hope for an ample harvest the following year. They give thanks to the gods and spirits for blessings and a good paddy harvest. Sabah natives wear their traditional costumes and enjoy a carnival-like atmosphere, which is usually stretches from dawn to dawn. Tapai, their homemade rice wine is freely served du ring the festivities. Then, there is the Unduk Ngadau, a traditional beauty contest, in which, the fairest in the land will participate, and a Kaamatan Queen will be selected.This is however no ordinary beauty contest, as it apparently owes its origins to the legend or story of the Kadazandusun’s genesis and their creator, Kinoingan’s sacrifice of his only daughter, Huminodun for the love of his people. Besides that, Christmas Day, which is held annually on Dec 25th, Christians celebrate the Nativity, or the birth of Christ. Here in Malaysia, since we live in a multi cultural country with no snow, all Malaysians tend to celebrate this festive seasons visiting friends and families. Shopping malls put up their decorations and lights and Christians put their Christmas trees up one to two weeks before Christmas.As with everywhere, Christmas preparations are done up to the last minute of December 24th. On Christmas Eve, Christians dress up in their new clothes and go to chu rch for midnight services. Before mass begins they normally have sketches or plays by the children and Christmas carolling. In most Christian homes, it is a tradition to say a short prayer before doing anything else. After the prayers most families have wine and fruit cake to toast Christmas. After this, gifts are exchanged and they snap plenty of photos of the person opening the gifts. Once the excitement has died down they head on to bed.On Christmas day, families have a feast and this is the time when friends of all faiths make their rounds to wish Merry Christmas. Some visitors bring presents and gifts. The children laugh with joy as they receive gifts and money in a modified version of ‘ang-pow' from friends and relatives. CONCLUSION : Each ethnic group has its own underlying culture that separates it from the others, and they have achieved different levels of integration. Perhaps the easiest way to begin to understand the highly complex cultural interaction which is Mala ysia is to look at the open door policy maintained during religious festivals.Although Malaysia's different cultural traditions are frequently maintained by seemingly self-contained ethnic communities, all of Malaysia's communities open their doors to members of other cultures during a religious festival, to tourists as well as neighbours. Such inclusiveness is more than just a way to break down cultural barriers and foster understanding. It is a positive celebration of a tradition of tolerance that has for millennia formed the basis of Malaysia's progress.

Nordstrom Case Study Essay

Answer 1: In the 1990s, Nordstrom had six co-presidents who were six cousins belonging to the family’s fourth generation. All six cousins took decisions jointly on major issues concerning the business. Thus, it was necessary that all six co-presidents agree on a decision or a plan for it to be acted upon. This was quite a difficult task as all of them often had differing opinions. Due to this many decisions were delayed or met with resistance by one or the other member. These six co-presidents were compared to a multi-headed hydra. Dismantling the hydra would prevent conflicts on future decisions and would also enable decisions to be taken quickly. It will also vest the ownership for the decisions onto one person. It will also enable a family member to be groomed for possibly leading the company one day. The possible disadvantages of dismantling the hydra is that the six co-presidents could have all contributed their knowledge and experience and have arrived at a better more informed decision. If equal power is vested in six people at the top, it enables them to share the workload.’ Answer 2: Creating departments around products will create independent profit and loss units for each product. The members of each department will have expertise on their products. They will know how to procure those products and effective sales and marketing techniques to sell those products better. This will narrow down their focus and they will concentrate only on the product that they are selling and will gain expertise on how to sell it best. The possible disadvantages of creating departments around products are that the employees will not have a complete picture of the entire business and where they stand. If in future, they are moved to another department, they will have to gain information about that product from scratch. Answer 3: The following changes prompted the move from mechanistic to organic organization. In the 1990s, the company met with stiff competition from its competitors. Its sales began to plateau. Its net income fell 2% and sales edged up only 1.9%. In the stores that had been open for a year, its sales dipped 1.1% after a 2.6% drop the prior year. Nordstrom’s shares fell from a 1999 high of 44 3/16 to under 20 in February. The customers and outsiders complained that top executives spent more time in seeking consensus of all co-presidents on issues and this was a reason for Nordstrom being slow in presenting new fashions for sales. Answer 4: In designing an organization to manage change, an additional structural change that Mr. Whitacre should consider is to start a competition among the departments. In this quarterly competition, the department that has the best sales and profits should be the winner and its members should be given some incentives. They should be asked to share the best practices with the other departments in order to help them manage change better. Employees should be rotated regularly from one department to another.

buy custom China’s Education System essay

buy custom China’s Education System essay The US stands as the statement of productivity efficiency in a capitalistic market. It has the most successful form of government in the world, given that the US Gross National Product is over 10 times higher than of any other nation in the world, and twice that of the top-five nations behind it. This makes the US the single greatest nation ever crafted in the history of the world. That level of success is largely owed to an innovative workforce, skilled and perfected in driving the most complicated business ventures known to man. Yet in recent times, China has arisen as a worthwhile competitor. This is reflected much more in education than in the economy. China has a greater population and thus more people to absorb into its market and it is also more capitalistic akin to the US. That means if they gain on the innovation edge in education, it will take only a few years to surpass the greatness of the United States. Today, a Chinese classrooms has more students that that of US, more students per teacher and poorer education facilities. Yet, Chinese students are highly disciplined, respectful and productive in learning than those in the United States. The culture and social dynamics of the Chinese schools make learning very conducive than in the US. In comparison, discipline in the US public schools is at its worst ever, leading to critics calling the public schools some modern babysitting facilities. In comparing the education systems in the US and in China, the most important thing is the quality of the products that run through the systems (Teaching Tips). The United States leads the world mainly because their graduates reign in the scientific innovation and discovery arenas. However, China is picking up as America looses out on this important pedigree. When it comes to instilling innovation in students, the Chinese are doing it on an overdrive, mainly by incorporating numerous projects in the curriculum involving electronics Information Technology and similar disciplines. This is the very genius (innovation) that made America a global giant with hosts of inventors, creative filmmakers, superstar rock 'n' roll artists, Nobel laureates and personalities who stand as business icons perse. China's education is phrased on a top-down system where supreme emphasis is placed on tightly structured units, centrally managed by the government and engrained with disciplined learning. The education structure in China is largely socially engineered such that the system is dependent on government control (Mathur, 2009). The US on the other hand, has a highly decentralized system (state based) whose emphasis is critical thinking of every student, the so-called student-centered learning. This single difference yields a lot of significance since while it is easy for the Chinese government to direct and guide the national education system via thee Ministry of Education, The US government has little to do to influence the curriculum and standard of education taught in various states and school districts. American educators are puzzled by the fact that Chinese students are so apt in science and math (the subjects that underlie the future of any nation) than the US, where performance on the two areas has become phenomenally poor. Since 2006, China has consistently produced over nine times more engineers than those produced by the US educations system. There are more teachers in China than in the U.S. at the elementary and middle levels (Mathur, 2009). On the other hand, Chinas education system has been termed substandard as compared to other international systems. There is a high level of corruption, cheating and simplification of course content. This has made the government to rethink on reforming the system. While the elementary education has seen China surpass the US in the number of graduates, high school education is very poor in China with majority of Chinese dropping out to work instead of joining colleges. The rate of college admission to the number of those who complete elementary education is at 16% in China and 37% in the US. Another important facet of comparison is the immigration of students to worlds most prestigious learning institutions. Chinas rate of enrollment in international schools is at 25% while that of the US is 1.5%. Buy custom China’s Education System essay

French Possessives Adjectives Come in Many, Many Forms

French Possessives Adjectives Come in Many, Many Forms Possessive adjectives are the words used in place of articles to indicate to whom or to what something belongs. French possessive adjectives are used in similar ways to English possessive adjectives, but there are some differences in form. Using French Possessive Adjectives French grammar touts many more possessives than English  because there are different forms not only for the person and number but sometimes also the gender and the first letter of that which is possessed. All of the different forms are summarized in the table below and are explained in detail later in this lesson. 1.  When describing two or more nouns in French, a possessive adjective must be used in front of each one:      son frà ¨re et sa sÅ“ur  Ã‚  Ã‚  his brother and sister   Ã‚  Ã‚  ma tante et mon oncle  Ã‚  Ã‚  my aunt and uncle 2.  The possessive adjective is almost never used with body parts in French. You cant say my hand or my hair. Instead, the French use pronominal verbs to show possession with body parts:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je me suis cassà © la jambe.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I broke my leg (literally, I broke the leg of myself).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il se lave les cheveux.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hes washing his hair (literally, Hes washing the hair of himself). Singular Plural English Masculine Feminine Before Vowel my mon ma mon mes your (tu form) ton ta ton tes his, her, its son sa son ses our notre notre notre nos your (vous form) votre votre votre vos their leur leur leur leurs Singular Possessive French Adjectives In French grammar, there are three forms of the possessive for each singular person (I, you, he/she/it). The gender, number, and first letter of the noun possessed determine which form to use. MY      mon  (masculine singular)  mon stylo   my pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  ma  (feminine singular)  ma montre  Ã‚  my watch  Ã‚  Ã‚  mes  (plural)  mes  livres   my books When a  feminine noun  begins with a vowel, the masculine possessive adjective is used, to avoid saying  ma  amie,  which would break the  flow of speech. In this case, the possessives final consonant is pronounced (the n in the example below) to achieve fluid pronunciation.      mon  amie  - my (female) friend YOUR (tu  form)   Ã‚  Ã‚  ton  (masculine singular)  Ã‚  ton stylo  Ã‚  your pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  ta  (feminine singular)  Ã‚  ta montre   your watch  Ã‚  Ã‚  tes  (plural)  Ã‚  tes livres   your books When a feminine noun begins with a vowel, the masculine  possessive adjective  is used:      ton  amie  - your (female) friend HIS / HER / ITS   Ã‚  Ã‚  son  (masculine singular)  Ã‚  son stylo  Ã‚  his, her, its pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  sa  (feminine singular)  Ã‚  sa  montre   his, her, its watch  Ã‚  Ã‚  ses  (plural)  Ã‚  ses  livres   his, her, its books When a feminine noun begins with a vowel, the masculine possessive adjective is used:   Ã‚  Ã‚  son  amie  - his, her,  its  (female) friend Note:  An important difference between French and English is that  French utilizes the gender of the noun to determine which form to use, not the gender of the subject. A man would say  mon livre  when talking about a book, and a woman would also say  mon livre.  The book is masculine, and therefore so is the possessive adjective, no matter who the book belongs to. Likewise, both men and women would say  ma  maison, because house is feminine in French. It doesnt matter whether the owner of the house is male or female. This difference between English and French possessive adjectives can be particularly confusing when using him/her/it.  Son,  sa, and  ses  can each mean his, her, or  its  depending on the context. For example,  son lit  can mean his bed, her bed, or its bed (for example, the dogs). If you need to stress the gender of the person the item belongs to, you can use  Ã‚  lui  (belonging to him) or  Ã‚  elle  (belonging to her):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest son livre,   elle.  Its her book.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voici sa monnaie, lui.  Ã‚  Heres his change. Plural Possessive French Adjectives For plural subjects (we, you, and they), French possessive adjectives are far simpler. There are only two forms  for  each grammatical person: singular and plural. OUR   Ã‚  Ã‚  notre  (singular)  Ã‚  notre stylo  Ã‚  our pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  nos  (plural)  Ã‚  nos montres   our watches YOUR (vous  form)   Ã‚  votre  (singular)  Ã‚  votre stylo  Ã‚  your pen  Ã‚  vos  (plural)  Ã‚  vos montres   your watches THEIR   Ã‚  Ã‚  leur  (singular)  Ã‚  leur stylo  Ã‚  their pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  leurs  (plural)  Ã‚  leurs montres   their watches

American economics history exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American economics history exam - Assignment Example The action of Federal Reserve to raise interest rates hoping to slow the rapid rise in stock prices depressed interest-sensitive spending in institutions such as automobile purchases and construction. In addition, it resulted to the crash of the stock market, thus reducing the American aggregate demand substantially. The U.S. government has centralized great power and responsibility in one institution, which is the Federal Reserve in making significant decisions in relation to the economy. The significance of having a well-defined and secure property rights as it gives people the exclusive right of using their resources as they see fit (James 16). The fact that individuals are the dominion of their property, they take full account of the entire costs and benefits of employing those resources in a specific manner. The process in which they weigh costs and benefits produces efficient outcomes; therefore, translating into more prominent standards of living. However, in the last decades, during the history of modern economics, economists did not see the importance of property rights. Property rights impact the efficiency of resource allocation whereby the limit expropriation and facilitate market transactions. Moreover, they enhance investment incentives by limiting expropriation risk and reducing motive of diverting private resources in order to protect property. For an instant in U.S., the government has developed policies that protect the individuals’ property r ights in order for these individuals to trade in assets and improve collateralization of those assets. In the American history, between 1870’s to 1930’s, there were battles on business property because the judiciary saw that it was necessary to protect the general welfare (James 17). The problems with the Articles of Confederation were that the Articles were not precisely accurate or exact in an absolute sense. It is in the sense that when the Articles are viewed in a

What Impact Would Employee Involvement Do in the Hiring and Promotion Thesis Proposal

What Impact Would Employee Involvement Do in the Hiring and Promotion Process in Public Agencies - Thesis Proposal Example Much of the need to avoid all forms of internal invalidity resulting from the sample size can be addressed with the inclusion and exclusion mechanism that is employed. In the present situation, it is advised that a purposive sampling procedure is used to select respondents with the right information on the research topic ( Suri, 2011). A major limitation of the study shall be the degree of preparedness of leaders of various institutions to allow their leadership styles to be changed towards the types that allow for employee involvement. For employee involvement to be upheld, employees must exhibit a high sense of independence in the delivery of their work (Community Health Profiles, 2006). It is against this backdrop that it is assumed that all employees have needed competence. For companies practicing autocratic leadership, a chance is that they will not be willing to allow employee involvement and so data collected will be affected in such settings. Even though purposive sampling is recommended because of the nature of data to be collected, bias in data collection can still be controlled if a strategy is devised to make all forms of data to be collected hidden from respondents. This way, there shall not be pre-conceived responses coming from respondents.

Review of the Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Review of the Literature - Essay Example Some of the roots of this omission are the West-centric approaches of IR and rise of modernist theorists that highlight the practicality and plurality of the secular versus the religious. This paper reviews the concepts and theories on the resurgence of religion as a legitimate institution in shaping the public sphere and IR. Realist, liberal, and constructivist IR theories neglect the role that religion plays in the formation of nation-states and the development of international relations, and new theories on the religious should be produced to integrate religion into IR discourse. In â€Å"Religious Resurgence,† Elizabeth Shakman Hurd suggests a new approach to religion and international relations that confronts the realist, liberal, and constructivist assumptions that eliminated religion in Western politics. She argues that the religious has political authority, since it impacts local, national, and international politics. She suggests religious resurgence that has core con cepts, which would invite diverse theological politics. The chapter â€Å"The Overlooked Dimension† shows that Fox and Sandler agree with Hurd that religion should be brought into IR studies. Fox and Sandler stress that religion may not be the driving force in world politics, but IR would not be completely examined without considering the nation-state’s religious dimension. Religious legitimacy, they assert, affects policy makers and civil societies, as well as local religious conflicts that cross borders. They ask for western social scientists to insert religion into their social researches, not as a peripheral or incidental subject, but as an additional basis for organizing human society and governance. Religious resurgence underscores the pivotal role of religion in IR, since it is a fundamental component in most cultures and civilizations, and so religion should be viewed as a crucial driving force in international relationships. Hurd calls religious resurgence as the attempt of the religious to shape the secular in domestic and international levels. It is an attempt that found expression in various religious movements and activities, both traditional and fundamentalist. These expressions underline the power of religion in renewing traditional values and relationships. Kubalkova develops the concept of International Political Theology (IPT) in â€Å"Towards an International Political Theology.† IPT does not only focus on power and wealth, as traditional IR does, but includes the values and meaning that people place in human existence. She confirms the resurgence of the religious in IR discourse, because religion gives meaning to human existence and direction. She speaks from the perspective of constructivism, which is unlike positivism that sees religion as a direct opposite of reason. Kubalkova argues that the community of states adopts and changes rules and standards that also coincide or oppose religious beliefs and practices. She p roposes to use constructivism as the theoretical viewpoint to include religion, because it is more practical than positivism, as the former uses social construction in analyzing diverse interacting agencies and their effects on national and IR realities. Richard Falk, in â€Å"A Worldwide Religious Resurgence in an Era of Globalization and Apocalyptic Terrorism,†

Child Labour Essay Example for Free

Child Labour Essay I.INTRODUCTION In a developing country like the Philippines, the child labor phenomenon remains widespread. Today, we find hundreds of thousands of Filipino children being deprived of the oppurtunity to share in the prospects of development. The door of the opportunity is close on them simply because their â€Å"childhood is wasted in premature work (ILD 1994) rather than nurtured in school and at play. And doubtedly, many stand witnesses to this bleak scenario in the workforce. How the lives of this children are apparently placed at risk and how they are clearly cheated of their basic rights and privileges have stimulated a sounding call for an immense public awareness and a prolific action on the child labor issue. Child labor is a â€Å"long standing problem† (ILO 1993: 26), that has been rapidly creaping from the midst of economic, social, and moral crisis. Hence, this papers generally aims to propagate awerness about child labor particularly, the current situation her in 6the Philippines. It has three major objectives. First, it intense to present current facts and data about the child labor condition in the Philippines. Second, it attempts to discuss significant points about the child labor issue. And finally, it aims to waken concern individuals and bring fort a worth while realization, concern, and utmost action and this matter. A.What is child labor? Filipinos re smilingly wide aware of the prevalence o child labor here in the Philippines yet, knowingly or unknowingly, many remain inadequately informed and aware of child labor’s real score. The idea of child labor would concretely leads us to a common general notion, that is, children being abuse through forced labor. This is the concept, which inevitably sticks to anyone who hears about the issue. Hence, we must remember that child labor implies a broader concern so purposely, there is much to be adhered about child labor and what it substantially means. To further understand this concern, let us set answers to these questions: When is child labor considered ethical? Illegal? Child work refers to gainful work of children below15 years of age ( Torres 1995 :2). It means the production of goods and services either on a full-time or part-time basis as performed by children in both the formal and informal sectors. Recent studies in the Philippine noted child participation in the following areas of work: agricultural plantations, small handicraft shops, home-based sub-contracting industries, commercial establishments, household’s street trades, and other small-scale business ventures. Work among children, is not wrong. Children, as part of the traditional Filipino culture are taught to work at an early age by their families. This true particularly in Philippine agricultural communities were farming is considered a family affair and the farm household is equivalent to one production unit (Torres 1995:2). Work for children however, becomes unacceptable and objectionable if it falls under any of the following circumstances. One, if the work is hazardous to the help and morals of the children such as night work, heavy work, or work in the streets which exposes the children to drug abuse and sexual encounters. Two, if the conditions of work are exploitative, as in instances when they require long working hours, provide low pay, and are used as substitute for adult labor. And lastly, if the work prevents children from obtaining education which is their right and privilege in any society (Torres 1995: 2). Child labor is the illegal employment of children below the age of 15, where they are not directly under the sole responsibility of their parents or illegal guardian or the latter employs other workers, apart from their children, who are not members of their families or their work endangers their life, safety, health, and morals or impairs their normal development including schooling. It also includes the situation of children below the age of 18 who are employed in hazardous conditions. (Representatives 1994:3) B.What is current child labor situation in the Philippines? The current child labor situation in the Philippines has recently raced enormous concern. In the 1995 Children Survey conducted by DOLE, results revealed that about three in every twenty children have worked in the past year. Males compromised two-thirds of the working children. The proportion of working males increases with age. Looking at the sex ratio, the ratio of working male to every one hundred working female increases from 171 for age group 5 to 9 years to 181 for age group 10 to14 years. The absolute increase doubles as the children reach the working age of 15. For age group 15 to17, there are 200 working males for every 100 working females or 2 males for every1 female. (NSO 1995). Working male children out number females in both urban and rural areas. 2/3 of working children lives in the rural areas. This maybe due to unpaid farm work participated in by family members during planting and /or harvesting seasons. Based on the1995 children of the Philippines Survey, Only 69.8% reported to have attended school during school years 1994-1995 and 1995 to 1996. They compromised mostly of male working children (62.5%), out numbering the female working children (38.5%). Working children from the rural areas have higher school attendance (67.3%) tha those from the urban areas (32.7%). Most of these working children reported the same kind of problems encountered in schooling. Ranked, as the first three problems were high cost of school supplies/books/transportation’s, school distance from the residence is too far, and difficulty in catching up with lessons (NSO 1995). Working children inevitably experience multiple work-related problems. Only 2 out of 10 children express that they did not encounter any problem in relation to their work. The rest, however, said that they experienced one or more work –related problems. Among these problems experienced by them are  coming home exhausted from work, doing heavy physical work, work being stressful, boredom from work and that their work is risky or dangerous. (NSO1995). Children remained in the workforce for a common significant reason. Survey results showed that majority or 60.1% of the total working children who prefer to remain in the workforce sited improvement in the living conditions of their households as the main reason for working. In the urban areas, only 56.4% cited improvements in living conditions as the main reason while in the rural areas, the proportion reaches 62%. This is following the notion that families in the urban areas have better living conditions than those in the rural areas. These facts and data justify the growing concern of children labors prevalence to the present Philippine society. C.Why is child labor very rampant in our Philippine society now a days? The prevalence of child labor in the Philippines has been attributed to multiple factors. While poverty is apparently the principal factor. The Philippines being a third world country, â€Å"Child labor is symptomatic of broader social disorganization resulting from urbanization, industrial development, and economic recession, and the shifting models of production† (Torres 1995: 3). With the advent of economic globalization, awareness of the incidence of child labor in the third world nations is growing rapidly in the industrialize counties as the Philippines. Hence, Many Filipino many children work for the very reason that their families are poor. Though poverty is the most significant cause of child labor, other factors greatly contribute as well. Cultural values may also drive children in to employment. Children in Filipino farm agricultural households are expected to participate in farm production. Parents also affirmed that teaching children hoe to work is important and they introduce â€Å"Work – related task as if it work play activities† (Torres 1995: 3). This scenario is likely triggered by the traditional Filipino values of close families ties and  kinship by which each family member is expected to contribute to help keep the family moving and survive. These persuasions make easier for children to accept work as part their routine. It is also a question of social attitudes. The fact that many children work because there is a little else they can do is an educator of ill social attitudes. Schools are unavailable, in adequate or expensive; the education, which is provide is a related to the world of work. The structural adjustments program, which many third world countries have under taken, has also unfortunately ment as serious cut back in investment in the social sector. Political condition also interacts with economic factors that make child labor possible. Counter-insurgency campaigns have lead to dislocation of families, and the lost of parents forcing children to work for their own survival. Undoubtedly, many Filipino children are victims of this grim political manipulation. On the demand side, research show that many children hired because they are more easily exploited than adults are. Employers prefer children because they are docile, In capable of collective bargaining and willing to work to support their family or simply to survive. To have child labor means lower cost because children never complain with very low wages (Weissman 1997: 18). All these, including other minor factors, play a productive part in rapid increase of child labor cases in the country. D.What is the risk faced by working children? Working children inevitably faced intolerance risk. Of millions of children who are working many toil in â€Å"Slave-like† (ILO 1993:54) or Hazardous conditions. There are all too many children in the work force that faced physical risk and hazard to their physical, social, intellectual and psychological development. Survey results revealed that many Filipino working children have suffered from work –related injuries such and other  various risks are affected by this condition: The attention span of children is usually limited and their judgement of dangerous situations may not be to develop. As they are not experience enough to cope with job responsibilities, ling hours of work and other job stresses that normal adults can cope within their daily chores, the impact of psychosocial stresses on a child in understandable more pronounced (GUST 1993:78). In the mere sense, the consequences are intolerably traumatic and devastating. These case of Filipino child: A Filipino, barely ten years old, lost her sight, when another worker carelessly threw his cigarette but near a mound of gun powder that she was inserting into colorful bits of paper. The gunpowder exploited and with it went her sight. Working in sub-human conditions, these children’s health soon gave way†¦ (Junior citizen Ed. 1996:2). Many types of work affect the intellectual and psychosocial development of the child.† Work is detrimental to a child if it deprives him of his normal leisure, play and recreation, worse if he is deprived of his basic rights of education, parenting, and protection â€Å" (Gust 1993:78). Such adverse conditions have been observed in bonded labor such as seen in feudalistic agriculture, in the participation of children in Muru-ami fishing and in domestic work. The projected psychological effects on working children was shown in this specific study: A study on the psychological profile of ten scavenger children from the Smoky Mountain in the Philippines was conducted in 1992. The results showed low levels of intellectual functioning of the scavengers of different age levels. It also demonstrated and inverse relationship between age and intelligence quotient. That is, the intellectual scores of children decreased as age increased. To a certain point, there can attributed to the  children’s preoccupation with survival and lack of learning opportunities. (Gust 1993:81) Aside from these risks, we cannot do away with the fact that poor working conditions of children often bring along infectious illnesses. Combined with malnutrition, toxic substance used at work affect several organ systems like the brains and nerves sometimes irreversibly. Some researchers make then point that the unhealthy sanitation, over crowding, poor ventilation, and extremes of temperatures in the work environment are aggravated by poor conditions in the living environment therefore, making working children more susceptible to new infectious illnesses and injuries, and other work-related ailments. Descriptive studies of hazardous and demonstrates the different types of risks: First, there is the â€Å" hazardous process†. Muro-ami fishing which practice in few fishing towns involves deep-sea diving without the use of protective equipment. This method was reported as a notoriously hazardous process resulting in drowning, deaths and rapture eardrums. Second, there is the exposure of children to adverse physical working environment. Exposure to organic dust is widespread in farms and plantations and tha prevalence of respiratory diseases is high. Children also work in repair shops, woodwork and in construction with constant exposure to dust and fumes. Third, children are exposed to dangerous substances in both formal and informal sectors. No personal protective equipment’s where given to the children who often handle chemicals with bare hands which was seen among those working in scavenging, in dumpsites, in gold processing, in leather industry, in garage, and in gasoline work. (Gust 1993: 80) No work is too difficult for these children despite the great risk on their lives. Nevertheless, this makes child labor a visible act of exploitation. E. How can we eliminate child labor in our Philippine society? The problem is huge, needless to say, the weapon in store must be equally extensive if not, stronger than the problem itself. All working children are basically at risk: the ultimate object of society should therefore be the elimination of child labor. However, the problem of child labor will not be solving overnight. It is â€Å"a large and complex problem† (ILO1994: 4). Some aspects of which are probably not yet capable of solution, for example, until a better knowledge and understanding can be gained, or until further progress has been made in addressing underlying social, cultural or economic factors. Given the multiple, over lapping causes at child labor, no single approach will and the scourge (Weissmen! 997:16). The resources available for combating child labor are glaringly in adequate when set against the magnitude of the problem. But no progress will be made at all unless start is made somewhere. Ideally, the Philippine government has already recognize the need to establish priorities and the Philippine plan of action for children has set targets for the protection and rehabilitation of abuse and exploited working children and for banning of children in hazardous occupations or situations, with priority being accorded to disadvantaged, depressed, and undeserved families and communities. The Government-UNICEF child labor Plan of Operation also establishes priorities for action. There emphasis action at the local level, without which no strategy to combat child labor will be effective. And with the formation of the â€Å"Sagip Batang Manggagawa†, and Inter-agency Quick Action Program (SBMQAP), the Philippine government has apparently taken the challenge in astounding force. The said program is established to respond to cases of child laborers in extremely object conditions and shall be responsible for the provision of various services in relation to the search and rescue operation. Elimination of child labor may justify seem impossible. Truly, our chances are slim, but there is hope. With these dynamic forces at hand, we can all look forward to a better and ideal future for the Filipino children. II. CONCLUSION: Child labor is an apparent hindrance to the economic, social, and moral development of the people and this country. This very uncharacteristic scenario in the workplace gradually yet tremendously cripples the country’s economy, destroys the ethical course of society, and deflates the standards of moral values. Nevertheless, â€Å"that trend is a human tragedy†(Senser 1997: 18). A manifestation of the world’s cruelty to the young and the innocent is what child labor is at its least. The children, being â€Å"the most vulnerable group in the society, who are unfortunate victims of this inhuman condition have been greatly deprived of the incalculable chances they ought to venture. Sad to say, our very own Philippine society has failed to provide the teeming Filipino children that exceptionally ideal community they all deserve. Yet, what soothes us the least is the fact that the child labor situation in our country has not been left in the rug and forgotten. After all, we dream of nothing less butter to hold strong in our pursuit of saving the Filipino children from falling into this bleak exigency. â€Å" Let not young souls be smothered out before. They do quaint deeds and fully flaunt their price. It is the world’s one crime its babes grow dull† (Linsay1997: 9) Bibliography :  ·Gust, E. 1993. Safety and Health Hazards to Working Children, Bangkok: International Labour Office  ·International Labour Organization. 1994 . Attacking Child Labour in the Philippines: and Indicative frame work for Philippine-ILO Action Geneva ; International Labour Office  ·International Labour Organization 1993. Inter-Regional workshop on Improvement of Effectiveness of Enforcement of Child Labour Legislation. Bangkok International Labour Office.  ·Lindsay, Vachel 1997 The Leaden- Eyed , Sunstar, May24, page 9.  ·National Statisticas office. Children of the Philippines Manila 1995  ·Senser, Robert A. 997 Global Economy and Child labor. Sunstar, May 26 pages 1 and 8.